442 JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. 
the two systems is found in Otago, but at both the Horse Range and 
Mt. Hamilton, the general geological structure of the country leaves no 
room for doubt that the two are also unconformable there. The system 
attains an elevation of about 4,000 feet east of Lake Waikaremoana in 
the North Island. In the South Island it probably never exceeds 
2,500 feet. ' 
Remains of cetaceans have been found at Cavershan: near 
Dunedin, Weka Pass, and many other places. A zeuglodont (Kekenodon 
onemata, Hector) has been found at the Waitaki, in beds belonging to 
this system. <A gigantic penguin (Paleweudyptes antarcticus, Huxley) 
occurs at Oamaru, in the Ototara stone, at the Curiosity Shop on the 
Raikaia, at Trelissick basin, Amuri Bluff, and near Brighton, on the 
West Coast. A crab (Harpatocarcinus tunudus, H. Woodward) 
originally obtained by Mr. McKay, near Brighton, has also been found 
in greensands at Wharekauri, in the Waitaki. Several interesting 
species of mollusca are known. The echinodermata have been con- 
considered to have a cretaceous facies, and this is to some extent true 
if they are compared with European forms, but it is not true if the 
comparison is made, as is most natural, with the Australian 
echinodermata. 
The occurrence of nummulites has been reported in the North 
Island from Waipu, south of Whangarei, Lower Waikato, Poverty Bay, 
and the East Cape district, and from the east coast of Wellington. In 
the South Island also from Greymouth district, and between Westport 
and Cape Foulwind. But I doubt much whether any true nummulite © 
has been found in New Zealand. At any rate, I] have never seen one, 
although I have been shewn the so-called nummulites in the Wellington 
Museum. 
Unger has described in the ‘Voyage of the Novara,” several leaves 
belonging to the genera Fagus (Beech), Loranthophyllum, Myrtifolium, 
and Phyllites, brought by Dr. Hochstetter from Drury and the 
Waikato. 
The Pareora system is widely distributed in the North Island from 
Cape Rodney, Kawau, and the Kaipara to Auckland, where it forms 
the cliffs round Waitemata and at Orakei Bay (Waitemata series) ; and 
extends south to the Waikato. Its only other occurrence on the west 
coast is at the White Cliffs, in Taranaki. On the east coast it covers a 
large district between East Cape and Poverty Bay (Tawhiti series); and 
commencing again at Napier, is largely developed all down the coast to 
Cook Straits (Ahuriri series), In the centre of the island it is found 
in the upper parts of the Rangitikei, Wanganui, and Waitotara rivers. 
In the South Island it is found on the west coast only at Nelson, 
and from Reefton to Hokitika (Kanieri series), It is much better 
developed on the east coast, occurring ,in the Awatere Valley, in Marl-. 
borough (Awatere series), between the Hurunui and Waipara rivers, in 
the Trelissic basin, and again in South Canterbury and Otago, from the 
Rangitata to Moeraki. A few patches occur in South Otago and 
Southland, and it is extensively developed on the east side of Lake Te 
Anau. It also occurs at the Chatham Islands. 
In tie South Island the upper part of the system is often formed 
of thick beds of gravel. This is best seen near Nelson, where in the 
