24 BULLETIN" 730, TJ. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



THE PUPA AND COCOON. 



(PI. IV, A, B.) 



The pupa is dark brown, with bands of a lighter shade encir- 

 cling the abdomen. Its average length is 20 mm. It occupies 

 a cocoon at the surface of the ground, usually directly over the 

 point in the root where the full-grown larva ceased feeding. The 

 pupa is characteristic of its family, being spindle shaped, the males 

 having 14 and the females 13 rows of strong renexed dorsal spines, 

 the cremaster consisting in each of 8 stout spines surrounding the 

 anal end. The cocoon is from 20 to 30 mm. in length and stands 

 perpendicularly in the soil with the anterior end just at the surface 

 of the ground. It is composed of frass and grains of earth held 

 together with a parchment-like lining of brown silk. Usually, 

 although not always, more grains of earth than of frass enter into 

 the composition of the outer part of the cocoon. The pupae and 

 cocoons of the females average longer and stouter than those of the 

 males. When the moth is ready to issue it works half the length of 

 the pupa out of the cocoon and escapes from the pupa case through 

 a slit in the back, leaving the empty case projecting above the ground. 

 (PL IV, B.) The insect occupies the cocoon for a period of about 

 four weeks. 



THE ADULT. 



(PI. Ill, C, D.) 



The mature insect is a handsome, wasplike moth, the males of 

 which are from 12 to 18 mm. in length, and the females from 18 to 

 20 mm. The general color of both sexes is dark lustrous brown. The 

 fore wings are brown and the hind wings transparent bordered 

 and veined with brown. The abdomen is encircled at the posterior 

 margins of the second and fourth segments with conspicuous bands 

 of orange and lemon colored scales, the lemon scales predominating 

 in the front band and the orange in the other. There are spots of 

 metallic yellow scales at the base of the wings. The legs are reddish 

 brown. The antennae of the males are brown, marked with metallic 

 colors and are delicately pectinate; those of the female are brown 

 for a third of the length at the base, the rest metallic purple and 

 bronze. The female has a small orange-colored tuft on each side of 

 the tail and the male has two such tufts on each side, the middle pair 

 being more than twice as long as the others. The scales with which 

 the moths are covered rub off easily and old specimens rarely show 

 all the markings described above. 



