54 
dl. 
56. 
37. 
38. 
39. 
40, 
BULLETIN 810, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Robbing from diseased colonies of the apiary or from neigh- 
boring apiaries is the most likely manner in which European 
foulbr ood is transmitted in nature. 
Brood-combs containing diseased brood, if given to a healthy 
colony, serve as a median for the transmission of the disease. 
. European foulbrood is not likely to be transmitted by queens or 
drones. Whether they ever do so has not been demonstrated. 
As a rule a hive which has housed a European foulbrood colony 
should not be considered as a fruitful source of infection. The 
facts indicate that often such hives could be used with im- 
punity for housing colonies without treatment. Flaming 
them inside certainly removes all danger. 
. The transmission of European foulbrood by way of flowers, 
visited by bees from diseased colonies and subsequently by 
those from healthy ones, is not to be considered as a likely 
source of infection. Whether the water supply is ever a source 
of danger is not known. It is evidently not a fruitful source. 
The disease is not likely to be transmitted through the medium of 
the clothing or hands of the apiarist. 
Tools and bee supplies in general do not serve as means for the 
transmission of the disease in the absence of robbing from such 
sources. 
It is usually possible to diagnose European foulbrood from the 
symptoms alone. A definite diagnosis can be made from suit- 
able samples by bacteriological methods. 
The prognosis in European foulbrood varies from very good to 
exceedingly grave. The tendency for a colony to recover en- 
tirely from the disease is much greater than in American 
foulbrood. 
Considered from the technical point of view, much is yet to = 
learned concerning European foulbrood. For practical pur- 
poses, however, it can be said that sufficient knowledge has 
been gained to make it possible for the beekeeper to devise a 
treatment which will be logical, efficient, and at the same time 
economical. 
LITERATURE CITED 
(1) Baur, Lovts. 
1904. fie bisygdomme. Foredrag holdt ved DBF’s Diskussionsméde i 
Grejsdalen den 11. Septbr. 1904. (Efter Foredragsholderens 
manuskript.) Roskilde [1904] 17 p. (Saertryk af “ Tidsskrift 
for Biavl,” Nr. 16 og 17, 1904. 
1915. Sygdomme hos Honningbien og dens Yngel. Meddelelser fra den 
Kgl. Veteriner-og Landbohdjskoles Serumlaboratorium, 
XXXVII. 109 p., 11 fig. 
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