EUROPEAN FOULBROOD. 25 
of a strength twice that desired in the experiment. After shaking, 
it is allowed to stand at room temperature. At intervals brood free 
from the disease is fed a bit of this suspension, using the direct 
method. Table XIV summarizes the experiments performed: 
TABLE XIV.—Effect of carbolic acid on Bacillus pluton 
Strength Period 
Date of inoculation. of sus- Results of inoculation. 
titer pension. 
Per cent.| Days. 
Al 
wico 
Buropean foulbrood produced. 
0. 
2 
Aug. 5 STOLE Leek ARAN eR a gE 71a kN 4 1 
uly Se AQIS ie ee kee Leer NA hal Sal BN i 4 Do. 
INT LONE TONE Rn ESM BAA Cs ATI eA eB eh 3 8 Do. 
SOD task ea ee aie le Ces meu yee atone sicisese clara 5 $ 18 | No disease produced. 
SUMO SZO PLOT ates ey ae bee ererars coe Sie Aiea tay ertral rm aie atslo raja 1 15 | European foulbrood produced. 
WK AG} URN SAN EMO Se LN SW ee Me ee Rene anes 1 4 | No disease produced. 
CBD OVS HAAS ae se os ee ca ASS i ne 2 15 Do. 
FAIS PY IE eae ee ee ee CO Abe ce sepa saa 2 118 Do. 
UNTER TCO TGS Sa VA ER loa At 27 gia 2 1 Do. 
TTP, TIPU Ra pa ote See nei ana ee | 2 2 4 Do. 
AED ZO LOU lore tatenet Waar nfo im caine s mero lero alae ovata iarare 2 4 Do. 
INO FRO PALA OC Rca a Dae pelea ee Oe 5 Sa 2 9 Do. 
JUNE ZIALG Se eis Meee Boe Sees Se aire ence 4 154 Do. 
The experiments outlined in Table XIV show that Bacillus pluton 
withstood a one-half per cent solution of carbolic acid for 8 days 
but not for 18 days; that it withstood 1 per cent for 5 hours but 
not for 4 days; and that it was destroyed by 2 and 4 per cent solu- 
tions, respectively, in less than 6 hours. Probably it is destroyed 
by these latter strengths in considerably less time than this. 
It is seen by these preliminary experiments that Bacillus pluton 
is destroyed easily by carbolic acid as a disinfectant. As a drug, 
however, less can be expected of it, inasmuch as a strength twice 
that which the bees will accept in honey (Table XV) requires days 
to destroy the germ. While the fact does not furnish conclusive 
proof of the value of carbolic acid as a drug, it indicates what 
might be expected of it in the treatment of the disease. 
In using the results recorded on the foregoing pages for the 
purpose of destroying the virus of European foulbrood and con- 
trolling the disease in practical apiculture, it must be borne in 
mind, as has been urged in the discussions on the other bee diseases, 
that due allowance must be made by the beekeeper for variations 
which always occur. These, however, are relatively slight and can 
be met readily. In the destruction of the virus through heating, 
for example, the temperature can be raised a few degrees above that 
which is found to be the minimum required, or the time can be 
extended somewhat. Similarly for the other destructive agencies 
the effectiveness of the process can be increased. 
