4 BULLETIN 810, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
area along the dorsal median line extending nearly the length of the 
body. The contents of the stomach may be seen through this area. 
The color of the mass is due chiefly to the presence of pollen. It is 
usually some shade of yellow. The median area presents in its 
appearance a sharp contrast to the bluish-white, opaque portions on 
either side of it. Similar appearances are to be noted in the larve of 
Group 1. 
The larva removed from the cell performs only slight movements, 
hes partly coiled, and is more or less turgid. The segments are promi- 
nent. When the body wall is torn there flows from the ruptured wall 
the clear larval blood, in which are suspended often fat and other 
tissue cells which give to it a somewhat milky appearance. The 
stomach, a transparent tube easily torn into segments, contains a 
mass of partially digested food, pollen constituting usually a con- 
spicuous portion of it. 
GROUP 3 
Group 3 consists of capped larve. These are, therefore, larger than 
those described in Groups 1 and 2. In the group are included the 
larve which have spun a cocoon as well as those which have not. An 
endwise position in the cell may or may not have been assumed. The 
larvee are seen in various positions. Not infrequently some portion 
of the dorsal surface is turned toward the observer, the narrow, me- 
dian, transparent area being in evidence as in younger larve. Healthy 
larve occupying an endwise position are described in papers on sac- 
brood and American foulbrood (17, 19) and will not be referred to 
further at this time. 
SYMPTOMS 
In European foulbrood, as in other brood diseases, the colony as 
a whole and not the individual bee should be considered as the unit in 
the discussion of the symptoms of the disease. The description of the 
symptoms recorded in the present paper is based chiefly upon observa- 
tions made on the disease produced through artificial inoculations. 
In making the studies in the experimental apiary observations made 
by beekeepers have been duplicated and new facts determined. It 
has been possible also to locate errors which have been made in 
discussions of symptoms of the disease. 
GENERAL SYMPTOMS FROM A CASUAL EXAMINATION 
Death of brood during the feeding stage, in uncapped cells, is a 
characteristic of European foulbrood. The brood nest in the disease 
usually presents an irregular appearance, capped cells and uncapped 
ones being found scattered irregularly over the brood frames, giving 
to them the “ pepper box” appearance (Pl. I) often referred to by 
