46 BULLETIN 891, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



ing* should be deep and when possible should be followed by thorough 

 disking. 



Neither spring nor fall plowing would be practicable when the 

 plants are growing, and at other times the grubs penetrate too deeply, 

 to the depth of 18 to 30 inches, after the crops are gathered, for the 

 plow to reach them. Naturally if the insects are capable of exist- 

 ing in humus, or in land from which crops have just been taken, 

 plowing in summer would be of little value. 



Poultry and Hogs. 



Poultry of such kinds as chickens, ducks, and turkeys, are useful 

 destroyers of white grubs. Their use for this particular grub, how- 

 ever, would obviously be limited to their following the plow when 

 the grubs are most active. Since the latter are not exposed to any 

 extent except at night, fowls would not be of much value. Swine 

 are also known to be exceedingly fond of white grubs, and when 

 allowed the run of fields infested by Phyllophaga larvae destroy 

 great numbers of them. It is problematical whether it would be 

 possible to pasture hogs in areas infested by the grub of this species 

 with any appreciable effect. 



Everything considered, it would appear that the utility of domestic 

 animals is confined to such times as after rainfall or in connection 

 with flooding. 



Crop Rotation. 



In regard to crop rotation it would be difficult to name a truck crop 

 that could be profitably grown which this grub would not attack. 

 Field and sweet corn, because of the woody nature of their stalks 

 and roots, are not apt to suffer severe injury except when young. 

 Cucurbits are not as a rule seriously affected by the larvae, and in 

 all probability pumpkin, squash, and melons are not so injured as 

 to hinder growing them where these grubs are abundant. Onions 

 are grown in rich land such as these grubs prefer, and as we have no 

 record of injury it is quite possible that onions are distasteful to the 

 grubs; the same might be true of pepper. Eggplant and potato, 

 while occasionally attacked, are seldom reported severely injured. 



In general it may be said that late crops, planted in June and after- 

 ward, will not suffer from this grub. All early seedlings, on the 

 other hand, are subject to injury. 



SUMMARY OF CONTROL MEASURES. 



For Beetles. 



Hand methods are the best to employ for capturing the beetles 

 as they occur on fruits. They may be captured in buckets or similar 



