40 DEPARTMENT BULLETIN 863, IT. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE. 



B. Leaves one-sided — Continued. 



(2) Leaves 3-veined at base, with long, tapering points, which gen- 



erally turn to one side; edges smooth, or with small teeth of 

 uniform size. Fruit, a small berry about i inch in diameter. 



(Celtis) Hackberry. 



(3) Leaves with straight veins, oval; edges double-toothed (little teeth 



on the larger ones). Fruit in clusters, dry, flat, with papery 

 wings all around the seeds (Ulmus) Elm. 



C. Leaves even sided (both sides of leaf the same length). 



(1) Leaves oval, evergreen thick, with short needle-like teeth. Fruit, 



a bright red berry : (Ilex) Holly. 



(2) Leaves more or less elongated, with one tooth at the end of each 



side vein. 



{a) Trees with smooth, bluish-gray bark, and long, pointed, 

 chestnut-brown buds. Fruit, a small, three-cornered nut, 

 in a spiny husk which splits open at the top into three 

 parts (Fagus) Beech. 



• (&) Trees with ridged, grayish-brown bark. Fruit, a large, 

 round nut in a thick husk covered with dense, needle- 

 like spines ; the husk splits open from the top into 3 or 

 4 divisions (Castanea) Chestnut. 



(3) Leaves very narrow, finely toothed. Small branches slender, 



usually tough. Fruit, a long cluster of little pods filled with 

 " cotton " (Salix) Willow. 



(4) Leaves somewhat triangular in outline, broad at base, large-toothed. 



Buds of some species coated with aromatic gum. Branches 

 coarse. Fruit, a long cluster of little pods filled with " cotton." 



(Populus) Poplar. 



(5) Leaves oval, pointed, with saw-like teeth. 



(a) Fruit like a tiny pine cone. 



(.r) Bark of trunk and branches peeling off in thin 

 sheets. Leaves double-toothed (little teeth on 

 the larger ones.) Fruit ("cones") scaly, fall- 

 ing apart when ripe ; seeds with gauze-like wings 



on two sides (Betula) Birch. 



(y) Bark smooth or broken, but not peeling. Leaves 

 with small teeth. " Cones " hard, woody, not 

 falling apart; seed with narrow wings on two 



sides (Alnus) Alder. 



( & ) Fruit, a berry ; fleshy, edible. 



(x) Leaves large, 3-veined at base, often irregularly, 

 deeply lobed ; containing milky juice. Fruit 

 similar in appearance to a blackberry. 



(Morus) Mulberry. 

 (y) Leaves small or medium-sized, feather-veined; 

 containing green juice; fruit (cherry or plum) 

 with one seed. 



(/) Seed ("stone") flattened. Fruit large 



and short-stemmed (Primus) Plum. 



(ii) Seed round. Fruit small and long- 

 stemmed (Prunus) Cherry. 



