THE RED-BANDED LEAF-ROLLER. 9 



C. triferana, described at the same time, is now considered a synonym, 

 the former name having been given to the male, the latter to the 

 female. In 1865 it was again described as new by Clemens (2) as 

 Tortrix incertana. Four years later it was redescribed under the 

 same name by Robinson (3, p. 278). With this last description illus- 

 trations of both sexes were furnished. 



In 1870 our first account of the habits of this leaf -roller was pub- 

 lished by Dr. A. S. Packard (4, p. Ifi). It is mentioned as the red- 

 banded cranberry Tortrix or " cranberry worm " and is treated in 

 connection with insects affecting the cranberry in Massachusetts, 

 the account including a description of the adult and a short descrip- 

 tion of the pupa. This paper was republished in later years (5, 6). 



In Dr. C. H. Fernald's catalogue of the Tortricidse, published in 

 1882-83 (7, p. 7-5), some new localities are added for the species and 

 several new food plants, the latter on the authority of Miss Murt- 

 feldt. Besides cranberry the list includes elm, soft maple, oak, apple, 

 rose, beans, and Gnaphalium polycephalum. 



It was not until 1885 that any extensive account of the insect was 

 published. This was by Dr. S. A. Forbes (8) and is in connection 

 with insects found attacking corn in Illinois. Strawberry and clover 

 are added to the list of food plants. 



In 1890, Mr. F. M. Webster (10) included this species in a list of 

 insects observed at Lafayette, Ind., affecting salsify. The same year 

 Packard (11) wrote again concerning this insect. The following 

 year Prof. Lawrence Bruner (12, p. 267) mentioned this species 

 briefly in an account of corn insects. 



In 1893 Miss M. E. Murtfeldt (13) referred to this species as one 

 which webs and curls the leaves of Osage orange. In 1898 the writer 

 (15) mentioned it briefly in connection with insects that attack as- 

 paragus. There followed Dr. Otto Lugger's short description (16), 

 in which it was called the apple Lophoderus. 



In 1901 the writer (17) recorded the feeding of the larva on vio- 

 let in the District of Columbia. The same year Felt (18, p. 998) re- 

 corded the depreciations of this insect on green popcorn at Newark, 

 H". Y. 



In 1904 Slingerland (19; 20, p. Ifl) stated that this insect was ob- 

 served with the grape-berry moth on clusters of blossoms and re- 

 cently set fruit of grape, and was quite often found at the same de- 

 structive work. In reviewing the known food plants, he records at- 

 tack to Solidago and dogbane and mentions Urog aster canarsiae 

 Ashm. as a parasite. 



In 1905 Forbes (21) again mentions this species as an enemy of 

 Indian corn, and the year following Felt (22) includes it in a report 

 on insects affecting park and woodland trees. 



