PREFACE 
THE circumstances which led to the production of this work in 
the original German are sufficiently set forth in the annexed 
“ Introduction,” and no one would admit more readily than its 
author that it is largely supplementary to the classical treatises 
of Darwin and Huxley, quoted in its pages. Experience of the 
practical method of scientific education has shown that it is 
desirable to place in the hands of the student engaged upon a 
first investigation of individual types of animal structure, some 
sound treatise of a general character, which he may read while 
continuing his more systematic studies. Such works awaken the 
mind to the comparative method of inquiry, and to the higher 
educational and philosophic issues to which it leads. It was this 
consideration which prompted me to suggest this translation, in 
the hope that it might be of use, in the manner indicated, to 
the medical student while engaged in the study of anatomy. I 
am further hopeful that an educated public exists to whom a 
knowledge of the comparative morphology of Man and the 
Anthropoid Apes as set forth in these pages may be acceptable. 
The truth of Evolution in organic nature is now generally 
admitted, but its application to man is not perhaps so widely 
acknowledged. This book, in no sense an exhaustive treatise, 
is an endeavour to set forth the more salient features in the 
anatomy of Man which link him with lower forms, and others 
in that of the lower forms which shed a special light on parts 
of the human organism. Such comparisons furnish a basis upon 
which to exercise judgment concerning Man’s position in the 
series of organised beings. 
In dealing with these comparisons, a word of caution is, how- 
