THE SKELETON 51 
rounded or oval bony case, which contrasts strongly with the 
incomparably smaller one of the Orang (Fig. 36) and Gorilla, with 
their enormous external 
ridges and protuberauces. 
These latter animals, like 
all the Anthropoids, differ 
from Man in the great 
development of the face, 
and especially of the jaws, 
which in Man are sub- 
ordinate to the cranium. 
If, however, young stages 
of the Anthropoid are com- 
pared (Fig. 35), this dis- 
tinction becomes less strik- 
ing; for, as is well known, 
not only the whole head 
but the features of the young Ape bear a decided resemblance to 
those of the human foetus. Indeed, it is certain that the diverg- 
ence begins after birth, the characteristics of each type becoming 
more and more marked as age advances (cf. Figs. 35 and 36). 
The chief cause 
of the distinction 
clearly lies in the 
greater development 
of the human brain. 
In the higher Verte- 
brates the brain must 
be regarded as the 
dominant organ of 
the head; and in 
Man it continues to 
grow even into the 
prime of life, the 
ee cranial capacity at- 
Fic. 34.—SKULL OF AN AUSTRALIAN FROM THE MURRAY +a} = = 
° i n reacnin 1 
RIVER. (One-third natural size.) tained reach ke 
Fic. 33.—SKULL OF A CHILD SEVEN YEARS OLD. 
(One-third natural size.) 
the male Caucasian 
an average of 1500 cubic cm., and the brain a weight of from 
1375 to 1400 gr. 
With regard to the cranial capacity of the lower races of man- 
kind, observations made by the cousins Sarasin on the Veddahs 
of Ceylon are of special interest. In them, not merely the skull 
