140 JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. 
4. Distinguish between an ‘‘epiphyte”’ and a “parasite,” giving 
examples ot each. 
5. Distinguish between ‘‘simple” and “compound” leaves ; 
and explain what is meant by “perfoliate,” ‘ connate,” and 
‘‘ peltate”’ leaves. 
6. Give briefly the general characters of the Ferns (Filices), 
mentioning characteristic examples ot the order which occur in 
New Zealand. 
7. Explain how pollen is formed, and give a short account of 
the general structure of pollen grains, and ot the part which they 
play in the process of reproduction. 
8. What do you understand by a ‘ cone,” and what is its 
structure? Mention some trees known to you which produce 
cones. 
GEOLOGY. 
Examiner: Prof. H. ALLEYNE NICHOLSON, M.D. 
1. What is the chemical composition of quartz, and what are 
its principal crystalline forms? Mention some of its more striking 
varieties. 
2, What do you understand by “chemically formed,” and 
what by ‘organically formed” rocks? Mention some of the 
more important rocks included under these heads. 
3. What is an “amygdaloid”? Explain clearly its mode of 
production. 
4. Give a brief account of the distribution of areas of active 
volcanic energy at the present day, and state what you consider 
should be regarded as the exciting causes of volcanic eruptions, 
5. Explain the terms “dip,” “strike,” hade.” 
6. What are the principal subdivisions of the Carboniferous 
rocks, and what is the general lithological character of the Car. 
boniferous series ? Mention the chief coal-producing ccuntries. 
7. Explain how rock-salt comes to be accumulated in quantity 
in the crust of the earth, and mention the chief geological horizons 
at which extensive deposits ot salt are found. 
8. Give the geological range of the following fossils :—Tri- 
lobites, Graptolites, Ammonites, Sigillana, Cephalaspis, and 
Ichthyosaurus. 
PHySIOLoGyY.* 
Examiner; Prof. H. ALLEYNE NICHOLSON, M.D. 
1. Describe the stomach of Man or of any Mammal, giving an 
account of its different coats, and of the special digestive glands 
with which it is provided. 
2. Briefly describe the minute structure, chemical composition, 
and vital properties of voluntary muscle. 
3. Explain the general phenomena of the assimilation of new 
matter by the animal organism, and the simultaneous retrograde 
metamorphosis and destruction of previously existing tissue. 
Indicate an essential difference between the assimilative powers of 
animals and plants. 
4. What do you understand by a “ proximate principle”? 
Enumerate the chief proximate principles of the animal body. 
* No candidates presented themselves, 
