276 JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. 
times absent, with the adductores brevis et longus, semi-membra- 
nosus, semitendinosus and accessary semitendinosus all present, 
with the ambiens sometimes absent, and when present having a 
characteristic arrangement, and with musculi lumbricales in the 
foot. 
Professor Stephens exhibited a collection of rocks and fossils 
illustrating the structure of the Western Coal-fields, as explained 
by Mr. Wilkinson in his map of Wallerawang (1877). The 
oldest stratified rocks, quartzites, coglomerates, and sandstones 
are Devonian, as shewn by characteristic fossils from Mt. Lambie 
and Mt. Flaherty. These are broken and tilted, often vertically, 
by more recent porphyries and granites, upon which, as also 
on the upturned edges of the Devonian strata, there rests an 
irregular conglomerate of earthy matter, sand and pebbles, of a 
dark greenish brown, which bleaches to a pale buff for about 
twenty feet from the surface. The pebbles are derived, as is shown 
by the fossils which they contain, from the older Devonian rocks, 
which formed not only the bottom, but also shores and islands in 
the carboniferous sea of this district. Many bands of shale con- 
taining remains of plants, as well as of sandstones containing cha- 
racteristic marine carboniferous fossils are intercalated in various 
places with this conglomerate. Above it are aluminous shales 
which in many places, as near Ben Bullen, have fretted away under 
atmospheric action. and lett the overlying rocks with very insuff- 
cient support. These are close-grained massive sandstones cleay- 
ing naturally into more or less rectangular blocks, which, owing to 
the decay of their foundation, are now poised on pedestals or over- 
hanging caverns in a very fantastic manner. In these shales are 
abundance of plant remains belonging to the Newcastle beds. 
Above the sandstone, coal seams appear at Wallerawang and to 
the northward, while the series is closed by the castellated wails of 
Hawkesbury sandstone which crest and protect the whole. 
Indeed, at Blackman’s Crown they are seen to rise almost ver- 
tically abovetheir deep Devonian foundations, displaying in a Jand- 
scape of extraordinary singularity and beauty, a diagram of per- 
haps equal interest to the geologist. The limestone two miles N.W. 
of Piper’s Flat varies from a black knotty rock to crystalline or 
even saccharoid marble. Its surface, as exposed in the quarries, 
has been protected from the action of running water, as is 
usual in limestone river beds, by deposits of gravel (partly 
also in all probability by various vegetable growths). Under- 
neath, however, the acid waters flowing freely along the 
joints of the rock have eroded them out into holes and 
passages. These have subsequently, under a diminished flow, been 
filled up with a pure white marl full of leaf impressions, but too 
brittle to allow of any specimen being obtained from the portions | 
now exposed. In this mar] are distributed nodules of travertine, 
encrusting forms which appear to be partially decomposed portions 
of favosites, but may turn out to be ‘only of mineral origin. A 
dyke of grey porphyry, with felspar crystals much decomposed 
runs through this limestone, and is probably the cause of its 
bleaching and crystallization. _ Crinoid stems, Brachiopods, and 
Petraia (Petraria) are seen in a fragment which has been half burnt 
and subsequently weathered. 
