416 JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. 
male, the others female ; the upper on short and the lower on 
longer peduncles invested by the sheath, the lowermost remote 
near the base, all oval sheathed ; glumes membranous, ovate, 
hispido-aristate, torn at the margin; utricles ovate, turgid, 
obtusely trigonous, nerveless, shining, slightly scabrid at the bifid 
apex ; stigmas three. 
Habitat ; Mountains by the Bealey River, North. Can- 
terbury. 
It is distinguished from C. ¢estacea (Solander) by its remote 
lowermost spikelet, by all its spikelets being peduncled and 
sheathed, by its narrower nerveless utricles, and its three stigmas; 
from C. comans (Berggren) by its flaccid culm, its remote lower- 
most spikelet, all its spikelets being sheathed ; and from both by 
its turgid utricles longer than the glume. 
Carex cirrhosa (Berggren).—A very stunted species, glaucous 
green or reddish ; culms very short, 3-4% in. long; leaves lon- 
ger than the culm, flat or plano-convex, striate, scabrid at the 
margin, when dried cirrhate-tortuous at the tip ; spikelets 4-5 
ovate approximate, the uppermost male, the others female, the 
upper sheathless and sessile, the lowermost shortly sheathed with 
enclosed peduncle; glumes ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate, quite 
entire ; utricles elliptical, plano-convex, beaked, bifid, slightly 
nerved ; stigmas two. 
Habitat: Near the Waimakariri River, on the Alps of North 
Canterbury. 
It differs from C. tenax (Berggren), to which it appears most 
closely related, in its stunted size, flat leaves, very short culms, 
approximate spikelets, and perfectly entire utricles and clumes. 
For C. tenax Mr. Petrie gives us the following additional 
localities in Otago:—Lower Shotover, Cromwell, Balclutha, 
Maniototo Plains, and Kurow District. It appears to be widely 
spread over the uplands of Otago, and is very common on the 
margins of water-races on the goldfields. 
C. dipsacea he has gathered at Lauder Creek (Manuherikia 
Plain), Strath Taie1i, Macraes, and Waikouaiti. Mr. Goyen has 
gathered it also at Catlin’s River. | 
REVIEW. 
Man Before Metals. By N. Joly. (The International Scientific 
Series. London: Kegan, Paul, Trench and Co.) 
To readers familiar with the merits of Lyell, Lubbock, Tylor, 
and Geikie, “Man Before Metals” does not present much that is 
new ; but to most of the readers for whom the International 
Scientific Series is more especially intended—men of business, 
and others, whose time is so occupied with the material concerns 
of life as to preclude them from the study of such ponderous 
tomes as “The Antiquity of Man,” “ Researches on the Early 
