418 JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. 
human race.” But it is the ancient caves that have yielded the 
most abundant and the most incontestible proofs of our great 
antiquity. ‘As early as 1828, Tournal of Narbonne announced 
to the scientific world the discovery of human remains, and of 
things fashioned by the hand of man, in the cave of Bize, inter- 
mixed with bones of animals which Cuvier himself considered as 
fossil in every acceptation of the word. . . . At Souvignarg- 
nes, M. de Christol dug out of the undisturbed diluvium a 
humerus, a radius, a fibula, a sacrum, and two vertebre, which 
had formed part of the skeleton of an adult of small size, per- 
haps of a woman, as Professor Dubrenil thinks. | 
“In 1833 Dr. Schmerling explored the numerous caves in 
Belgium, and in several of them, notably at Engis and at 
Engihoul, near Liege, he ascertained the existence of skulls and 
of portions of the human skeleton, together with those of bears, 
hyenas, elephants, rhinoceroses, &c., lying in the diluvian deposits, 
sometimes above and sometimes below the remains of these 
species which are already universally recognised as fossil. Bones 
and flints shaped by human hands, extracted from the same 
beds, served to confirm Schmerling in the belief that man was 
the contemporary of the extinct animal population whose re- 
mains he had found.” 
Similar evidence was discovered by M. Joly himself in 1835. 
Since then Kent’s Cave and Brixham Cave in Devonshire, Long 
Hole Cave in Glamorganshire, and others in France and else- 
where have furnished convincing proofs of the synchronism of 
the human species with the great extinct mammals. “Man was 
the contemporary of the great annihilated quadrupeds. He saw 
in our latitude the primitive elephants wandering in virgin 
forests, the hippopotamus disporting itself in the rivers, the 
rhinoceros wallowing in the mud of the marshes: he heard the 
roaring of the lion, and disputed his life with the terrible cave 
bear, and hunted those primitive oxen and stags the species of 
which are extinct.” 
The Danish peat mosses and kitchen middens, the Irish bogs 
and the American river valleys are all placed under contribution’ 
by our author, and are all made to yield a rich harvest of testi- 
mony in favour of the great antiquity of our species. The 
second part of the book, dealing with primitive civilization, 
domestic life, industry, agriculture, commerce, religion, &c., 
though exceedingly interesting, is not so strong as the first, and 
falls considerably short of Tylor’s inimitable Anthropology. 
The title Man Before Metals is very inapt: Man Before Tools 
is the key-note of the author’s theme. Still we thank M. Joly 
for the matter, and will not cavil further about the title. 
P. GOYEN. 
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