122 



the fenced plot 3a as outside, and 62 times as numerous inside 3b 

 as outside. . Plot 3b shows the relation more truly than plot 3a, be- 

 cause on strip W, outside of plot 3a, 18 of the 24 seedlings occur in 

 one group on a rocky point, where grazing evidently has been below 

 normal intensity. Averaging the two plots, the seedlings are almost 

 10 times as numerous inside as outside. The comparison becomes 

 even more striking when we consider that over 50 per cent of the 

 seedlings outside the fence are so severely injured that they can 

 not live more than a few years under past grazing conditions. 



Table 29. — Damage hy sheep in the hunch-grass type. 

 [No grazing inside inclosure; grazing by sheep and cattle outside.] 





Sample plot 3a. 



Sample plot 3b. 



Strip. 



Area. 



Number of seed- 

 lings 1 foot or 

 more in height, 

 1918. 



Area. 



Number of seed- 

 lings 1 foot or 

 more in height, 

 1918. 





Indde. 



Outside. 



Inside. 



Outside. 



N 



W 



S 



E 



Acres. 

 1.0 

 1.2 

 1.0 

 1.2 



26 



101 



39 



4 







122 



12 







Acres. 

 1.0 



1.2 

 1.0 

 1.2 



17 

 23 

 99 

 52 







§ 



1 



Total 



4.4 



170 34 



38.7 



4.4 



191 

 43.4 



3 

 0.7 













Eighteen of these in one group on rocky point. 



Reproduction on adverse sites. — The results on plots 3a and 3b are 

 especially valuable, because they show that even on the bunch-grass 

 lands, which probably are more adverse to reproduction than other 

 extensive areas in the yellow pine type, reproduction can be secured 

 if damage by grazing is eliminated. Because of the almost imper- 

 ceptible progress on these plots during the first six or seven years 

 after they were established, it was feared that they would not 

 restock even with protection from sheep. If this were the case, the 

 exclusion of sheep from such areas would impose a hardship upon 

 the sheep industry without benefiting the forest. Uncertainty on this 

 question has been responsible, more than anything else, for the delay 

 of sheep control as it is related to injury to yellow pine reproduction 

 in the Southwestern district. But results now show conclusively that 

 reproduction can be secured, and that failure in the past has been due 

 chiefly to sheep grazing. 



Damage to first-year seedlings. — One aspect of the problem which 

 has not been adequately treated in former investigations is that of 

 damage to seedlings in their first year. The reason for this is that 

 first-year seedlings are usually not abundant, and, owing to the ex- 



