4 
BULLETIN 112, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE . 
in cultivated soil. They are usually of little importance as forage 
plants. The sedges and rushes are not included in this bulletin. 
The cultivated grasses may be classified according to their use as 
grains, forage grasses, sugar-producing grasses, textile grasses, soil 
binders, lawn grasses, and ornamental grasses. 
Grains are those grasses whose fruit or grain is used for food or 
for stock feed. The common grains are wheat, corn, oats, rye, bar- 
ley, rice, sorghum, and millet. 
The forage grasses are those used for meadows, pastures, soiling, 
and silage. 
Meadow grasses are those cut for hay. The chief meadow grasses 
of the United States are (1) in the cool humid region, timothy, red- 
top, orchard grass, and meadow fescue: (2) in the warm humid 
region. Bermuda grass. Johnson grass, and (in Florida) Xatal grass: 
(3) in the dry area east of the Great Plains, millet and sorghum 
(including its varieties, such as kafir and Sudan grass) ; (4) in 
the northern part of the Great Plains, brome-grass: (5) on the Pa- 
cific coast, wheat, oats, and barley for the production of grain hay. 
"Wild hay is chiefly from three sources: (1) Prairie hay from the 
region lying just east of the Great Plains, including various native 
species such as big bluestem (Andropog&ii furcatm), little bluestem 
(A. scoparhis). Indian grass (Sorghastnim nutans), and switch- 
grass (Panicum virgatum) : (2) fresh marsh hay from the region be- 
tween the Dakotas and Michigan, including chiefly bluejoint {Cala- 
magrostis canadensis), reed canary grass (Pholaris amndinacea) , 
and slough-grass (Beckmanma erucaeformis) : and (3) salt marsh 
hay used mostly for bedding and for packing, including usually salt- 
marsh grass (Spartina patens) and black-grass (a kind of rush. 
J uncus gerardi). 
Pasture grasses are those that furnish forage to grazing animals. 
The two most important cultivated pasture grasses of the United 
States are bluegrass in the Xorthern States and Bermuda grass in 
the South. The meadow grasses are also used for pasture, and in 
the Gulf States carpet grass is of some importance. 
The wild grasses used for grazing are commonly called range 
grasses. The most important are (1) on the Great Plains, buffalo 
grass, curly mesquite, and grama (Bouteloua gracilis and B. hirsuta) ; 
(2) in the Southwest, several species of grama (Bouteloua). Hilaria. 
and Sporobohis airoides; (3) in the mountain regions, pine-grass, 
blue bunch-grass, and mountain bunch-grass (in Oregon) ; Arizona 
fescue (in northern Arizona) ; and the wheat-grasses (in the Eocky 
Mountains). 
Soiling grasses, those cut and fed green, include the common small 
grains, corn, and the sorghums, and (locally in the South) pearl 
millet and teosinte. 
