GENERA OF GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES. 
127 
species possessing a palea. From this standpoint the type species would be 
Agrostis spica-venti, which is referred by many botanists to Apera but 
which is here included in Agrostis. However, the description of Agrostis in 
the fifth edition was not written by Linnaeus for that edition. It was copied 
from the first edition, published in 1737, at which time Linnseus's concept of 
Agrostis was chiefly based on Stipa calamagrostis. By the time the Species 
Plantarum was prepared his concept of the genus Agrostis had changed, but he 
did not make the corresponding change in the description in the fifth edition 
of the Genera Plantarum which he prepared at the same time. It seems best, 
then, to ignore this description and select the type species from the economic 
species. Therefore A. stolonifera 1 has been selected as the type species of 
Agrostis. Several of the original species are now referred to other genera: 
A. miliacea and A. paradoxa to Oryzopsis; A. arundinacea to Calamagrostis; 
A. minima to Mibora ; A. uirginica and A. indica to Sporobolus. 
Vilfa Adans., Fam. PI. 2: 495. 1763. Adanson cites " Gramen canin. supin. 
C. B. Theat. 12 " and in the index, " Gramen canin. supin. minus C. B." Lin- 
naeus 2 gives under Agrostis- stolonifera the citation, " Gramen caninum supinum 
minus Scheuch. gram. 128." Scheuchzer 3 credits the citation to C. Bauhin. 
Therefore Agrostis stolonifera L. is the type of Vilfa Adans. 
Apera Adans., Fam. PI. 2: 495. 1763. Adanson refers directly to "Agrostis 1. 
Lin. Sp. 61." The first species of Agrostis described by Linnaeus in his Species 
Plantarum (p. 61) is A. spica-venti, which becomes the type of Apera. 
Trichoclium Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 41, pi. 8. 1803. Two species are de- 
scribed, T. laxiflortim and T. decumbens. The first species, illustiated in plate 
8, is the type. This is the same as Afrostis Memalis. Trichodium decumbens 
is the same as A. perennans. Michaux distinguished the genus from Agrostis 
by the absence of the palea. 
Agraulus Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 5, pi. 4, f. 7. 1812. Two species, based on 
Agrostis canina L. and A. alpina Willd., are included, the first being figured and 
therefore the type. 
Anemagrostis Trim, Fund. Agrost. 128. 1820. Two species, based on Agrostis 
spica-venti L. and A. interrupta L., are included, the first of which is taken as 
the type. 
Notonema Raf., Neogenyt. 4. 1825. A single species is included, Agrostis 
araclinoides Ell. (A. elliottiana Schult.) 
Podagrostis Scribn. and Merr., Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13 : 58. 1910. Based 
upon Agrostis, section Podagrostis Griseb. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 4: 436. 1853. 
A single species, Agi~ostis aequivalvis Trim, referred here in each case. A. thur- 
beriana Hitchc. also belongs to this group, which forms a section of Agrostis. 
In Agrostis spica-venti, A. aequivalvis, and A. thurheriana the 
rachilla is prolonged behind the palea as a minute bristle or stipe, 
and the lemma and palea are nearly equal and about as long as the 
glumes. The palea is obsolete in many species (which have been 
separated by some authors under the generic name of Trichodium), 
and is much shorter than the lemma in several other species. The 
awn, when present, may arise from the back of the lemma just above 
1 See Hitchcock, Bot. Gaz. 38:141. 1904. On the basis of the specimen in the Lin- 
naean Herbarium and of the synonymy, the name A. stolonifera was there applied to the 
species called A. verticillata Vill. But on reconsideration it seems best to accept the 
name as applied by Swedish botanists. Linnaeus was most familiar with the Swedish 
grass, and cites as the first synonym under A. stolonifera the phrase name he had applied 
to it in his Flora Suecica. He confused with this the South European species, A. ver- 
ticillata, a specimen of which in his herbarium he marked " A. stolonifera," but we may 
assume that he intended to apply the name A. stolonifera to the grass from Sweden. In 
the latter work Linnaeus states that the plant is known popularly as Kryp-hwen. Dr. 
Carl Lindman, who has kindly sent a series of specimens of the species in question, states 
in a letter that the grass in Sweden called Krypven (the modern spelling) is the species 
described by Swedish botanists as A. stolonifera. This has a long ligule, an open panicle, 
and an erect culm decumbent at base or producing stolons. 
2 Sp. PI. 62. 1753. 3 Agrost. 128. 1719. 
