GENERA OF GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES. 
185 
ft bakeri and S. patens juncea (Michx.) Hitchc. are used for making 
brooms. The marsh hay of the Atlantic coast, much used for bedding 
and packing, often consists largely of S. patens. The species of 
Spartina are too coarse for forage. 
For a revision of the species found in the United States, see Mer- 
rill, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. PI. Ind. Bull. 9. 1912. 
91. Campulosus Desv. 
{Ctenium Panzer.) 
Spikelets several-flowered but with only one perfect floret, sessile 
and closely imbricate, on one side of a continuous rachis, the rachilla 
disarticulating above the glumes; glumes unequal, the first small, 
hyaline, 1-nerved, the second as long as the lemmas, firm, 3 to 4 
nerved, bearing on the back a strong divergent awn ; lemmas rather 
papery, 3-nerved, villous on the lateral nerves and on the callus, 
bearing a short straight awn on the back just below the apex, the first 
and second lemmas empty, the third inclosing a perfect flower, the 
upper 1 to 3 empty and successively smaller. 
Erect, slender, rather tall perennials, with usually solitary, often 
curved spikes. Species about 12, in the warm regions, three being 
in the Eastern Hemisphere and the rest in America ; two species are 
found in the southeastern United States. 
Type species : Clitoris monostachya Michx. 
Campulosus Desv., Nouv. Bull. Soc. Philoni. Paris 2 : 189. 1810. Two species 
are mentioned, C. gracilior Desv. (based on Chloris monostachya Michx., which 
is Campulosus aromaticus), and C. hirsutus Desv. (based on Chloris falcata 
Swartz). The first is selected as the type. The second is now referred to 
Harpechloa. 
Ctenium Panzer, Denkschr. Baier. Akad. Wiss. Munchen 4: 288, pi. 13. 1813. 
(Ideen Gatt. Graser, 38.) Only one species is described, Chloris monostachya 
Michx., to which Panzer gives the name Ctenium carolinianum. 
Monocera Ell., Bot. S. C. and Ga. 1: 176. 1816. A single species, based on 
Aegilops aromaticum Walt., is included. 
Monathera Raf., Amer. Month. Mag. 4: 190. 1819. "Monocera Elliott . . . 
must be changed, because there is already a genus of shell of the same name." 
Our two species are confined to the Southeastern States, one of 
them, Campulosus floridanus Hitchc, to Florida, the other, C. aro- 
maticus (Walt.) Trin. (fig. 110), called toothache grass, extending 
from Xorth Carolina along the Coastal Plain to Louisiana. Both 
species are rather infrequent arid neither is of importance agri- 
culturally. 
92. Gymnopogon Beauv. 
Spikelets 1 or rarely 2 or 3 flowered, nearly sessile, appressed and 
usually remote in two rows along one side of a slender continuous 
rachis, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes and prolonged 
behind the one or more fertile florets as a slender stipe, bearing a 
rudiment of a floret, this sometimes with one or two slender awns ; 
