THE 



EDINBURGH NEW 



PHILOSOPHICAL JOURNAL 



EXHIBITING A VIEW OF THE 



PROGRESSIVE DISCOVERIES AND IMPROVEMENTS 



IN THE 



SCIENCES AND THE ARTS. 



CONDUCTED BY 



ROBERT JAMESON, 



REGIUS PROFESSOR OF NATURAL HISTORY, LECTURER ON MINERALOGY, AND KEEPER OF 

 THE MUSEUM IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH; 

 Fellow of the Royal Societies of London and Edinburgh ; Honorary Member of the Royal Irish Academy ; of the 

 Royal Society of Sciences of Denmark ; of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Berlin ; of the Royal Academy of 

 Naples ; of the Geological Society of France ; Honorary Member of the Asiatic Society of Calcutta ; Fellow of 

 the Royal Linnean, and of the Geological Societies of London ; of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall, and 

 of the Cambridge Philosophical Society; of the Antiquarian, Wernerian Natural History, Royal Medical, Royal 

 Physical, and Horticultural Societies of Edinburgh ; of the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland ; of 

 the Antiquarian and Literary Society of Perth ; of the Statistical Society of Glasgow ; of the Royal Dublin 

 Society; of the York, Bristol, Cambrian, Whitby, Northern, and Cork Institutions; of the Natural History So- 

 ciety of Northumberland, Durham, and Newcastle ; of the Imperial Pharmaceutical Society of Petersburgh ; of 

 the Natural History Society of Wetterau ; of the Mineralogical Society of Jena ; of the Royal Mineralogical So- 

 ciety of Dresden ; of the Natural History Society of Paris ; of the Philomathic Society of Paris ; of the Natural 

 History Society of Calvados ; of the Senkenberg Society of Natural History ; of the Society of Natural Sciences 

 and Medicine of Heidelberg ; Honorary Member of the Literary and Philosophical Society of New York ; of 

 the New York Historical Society ; of the American Antiquarian Society ; of the Academy of Natural Sciences of 

 Philadelphia ; of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York ; of the Natural History Society of Montreal ; of 

 the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania for the Promotion of the Mechanical Arts ; of the Geological 

 Society of Pennsylvania ; of the Boston Society of Natural History of the United States ; of the South African 

 Institution of the Cape of Good Hope ; Honorary Member of the Statistical Society of France ; Member of the 

 Entomological Society of Stettin, &c. &c. &c. 



APRIL 1852 OCTOBER 1852. 



VOL. LIII. 



TO BE CONTINUED QUARTERLY. 



EDINBURGH: 



vDAM AND CHARLES BLACK. 

 LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS, LONDON. 



1852. 



