26 Dr M. Sars on Shells from the Earlier and 
the fact of Balanus shells being found on the solid rock by 
Brogniart at Udevalla, 200. feet above the sea; by Lyell 14 
miles north of Kured 100 feet above the sea; and by 
Keilhau near Hellesaa, in Aremark, 450 feet above the sea. 
The above sketch is very imperfect, scarcely any of the 
places mentioned having been satisfactorily examined by any 
zoologist ; hitherto it has been geoiogists alone who have 
paid any attention to the subject, and they, occupied with 
many other matters, have given little time to the laborious 
task of collecting the numerous species which exist. 
On such imperfect data, therefore, it would be rash to 
generalise ; one or two inferences are however obvious. 
1. We are assured that we are really dealing with Post- 
pliocene formations, since all the organic remains which 
have been found belong without exception to living species. 
2. The fossiliferous strata of this period are distinguishable 
into two classes. The first class, both from stratigraphical 
position and organic contents, is obviously older. It includes 
those masses of shells which ascend to 470 feet above the 
level of the sea, and the deepest situated clay, which rises to 
a height of 240 feet above the sea. The second class belongs 
to a later period, and consists of the lower lying shell-beds, 
which rise to a height of 200 feet above the sea, and the 
surface clays, which rise to 350 feet above the sea. 
3. Among the fossil. species of the older beds there are 
some which no longer inhabit our southern coast, but have 
their true habitat on the north coast of Norway, and some 
or all of the other arctic coasts. Such are Zritonium 
despectum (which, however, appears also in the later beds), 
Buccinum islandicum, Natica clausa, Siphonodentalium 
vitreum, Astarte arctica. 7 
4, Other species also present in the older beds are more 
frequent, and generally larger than those of the same species 
now inhabiting our southern coasts, and specimens rivalling 
the fossils in frequency and in size must be sought in the far 
north. Such are Zvrophon clathratus, Natica greenlandica, 
Pecten islandicus (which is also found in the later beds), 
Lima excavata, Arca raridentata, Panopea norvegica. 
5. Those in the later beds, on the contrary, with few 
