THE 
EDINBURGH NEW 
PHILOSOPHICAL JOURNAL, 
EXHIBITING A VIEW OF THE 
PROGRESSIVE DISCOVERIES ANDAMPROW] NTS 
[Dire TEP + 2X 
IN THE 
eosin TE My 
SCIENCES AND T 
EDITORS. 
THOMAS ANDERSON, M.D., F.BRS.E., 
REGIUS PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY, UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW; 
Sm WILLIAM JARDINE, Bart., ¥.R.SS.L. ann E. ; 
JOHN HUTTON BALFOUR, A.M., M.D., 
F.R.S., Sec. R.S. Epin., F.L.S., 
REGIUS KEEPER OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, AND PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE AND BOTANY, 
UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, 
FOR AMERICA, 
HENRY D. ROGERS, LL.D., Hon. F.BS.E., F.GS., 
STATE GEOLOGIST, PENNSYLVANIA; PROFESSOR OF NATURAL HISTORY IN THE 
UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, 
JULY ...... OCTOBER 1863. 
VOL. XVIII. NEW SERIES. 
EDINBURGH: 
ADAM AND CHARLES BLACK. 
LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS, LONDON. 
MDCCCLXITI, 
