64 Professor D. Wilson’s J7lustrations of the Significance 
ton, Somersetshire, first poimted out by Sir R. C. Hoare ;* 
and examples from barrows in Derby, Stafford, and York- 
shire, described by Mr Thomas Bateman in his “ Ten Years’ 
Diggings in Celtic and Saxon Grave Hills ;” including those 
from Bolehill, Longlow, and Ringham Low, Derbyshire ; 
from the galleries of the tumulus on Five-Wells Hill, and 
from the Yorkshire barrow near Heslerton-on-the-wolds. 
Several of the above contained a number of skulls; and of 
the last, in which fifteen human skeletons lay heaped to- 
gether, Mr Bateman remarks: “ The crania that have been 
preserved are all more or less mutilated; but about. six. 
remain sufficiently entire to indicate the prevailing confor- 
mation to be of the long or kumbecephalic type of Dr 
Wilson.”+ The crania occurring in graves of this class 
mentioned by Mr Bateman alone, exceed fifty in number, 
of which the majority are either of the elongated type, or 
too imperfect to be determined. The others include between 
thirty and forty well-determined examples, besides a greater 
number in too imperfect a state to supply more than indi- 
cations of their correspondence to the same characteristic 
form. Alongside of some of these are also found brachy- 
cephalic crania; but in the most ancient barrows the elon- 
gated skull appears to be the predominant, and in some 
cases the sole type; and of the examples found in Scotland, 
two have been recovered from peat bogs, and others under 
circumstances more definitely marking their great antiquity. 
The variations of cranial form are thus, it appears, no 
gradual transition, or partial modification, but an abrupt 
change from an extreme dolichocephalic to an extreme 
brachycephalic type; which, on the intrusion of the new 
and essentially distinct Anglo-Saxon race, gives place once 
more to a dolichocephalic form of medium proportions. 
Leaving, meanwhile, the consideration of the question of 
distinct races indicated by such evidence, it will be well to 
determine first if such variations of skull-form can be traced 
to other than a transmitted ethnical source. The Juniper 
Green skull, already referred to, presents in profile, as 
shown in the full-sized view in the ‘ Crania Britannica,” 
* Archeologia, vol. xix. p. 47. 
t Ten Years’ Diggings in Celtic and Saxon Grave Hills, p. 230. 
