80 Professor D. Wilson’s Illustrations of the Significance 
formation on American crania; and were we to follow his 
example, we should be tempted to designate all the extreme 
varieties of the elongated dolichocephalic, acrocephalic, and 
brachycephalic skulls of British barrows, as mere modi- 
fications of the same ethnical form. In his latest recorded 
opinions, when commenting on some of the abnormal forms 
of Peruvian crania, he remarks: ‘I at first found it difficult 
to conceive that the original rounded skull of the Indian 
could be changed into this fantastic form, and was led to 
suppose that the latter was an artificial elongation of a head 
remarkable for its length and narrowness. I even supposed 
that the long-headed Peruvians were a more ancient people 
than the Inca tribes, and distinguished from them by their 
cranial configuration. In this opinion I was mistaken. 
Abundant means of observation and comparison have since 
convinced me that all these variously-formed heads were 
originally of the same shape, which is characteristic of the 
aboriginal race from Cape Horn to Canada, and that art 
alone has caused the diversities among them.’* ‘The re- 
peated opportunities I have enjoyed of examining the Mor- 
tonian and other American collections, have satisfied me of 
the occurrence of both dolichocephalic and brachycephalic 
crania, not only as the characteristics of distinct tribes, but 
also among the coutents of the same Peruvian cemeteries,— 
not as examples of extreme latitudes of form in a common 
race, but as the results of the admixture either of con- 
-quering and subject races, or of distinct classes of nobles 
and serfs, most generally resulting from the predominance 
of conquerors.—| Among the Peruvians the elongated cranium 
pertained to the dominant race, and some of the results of 
later researches in primitive British cemeteries, and espe- 
cially the disclosures of the remarkable class of chambered 
barrows, seem to point to an analogous condition of races. 
That the Uley and West Kennet skulls may have been 
laterally compressed, while the Codford barrow and other 
brachycephalic skulls have been affected in the opposite 
direction, appears equally probable. But such artificial in- 
fluences only very partially account for the great diversity 
* Physical Type of the American Indian. Schooleraft, p, 326. 
t Prehistoric Man, vol. ii. p. 226. 
