94 Dr John Struthers on Variation in the Number 
In the left foot there are two great toes growing from one meta- 
tarsal bone, each having two phalanges, which are distinctly felt. 
The inner toe is the greatest, is 25 inches in length and 33 in 
circumference; the outer is 2 inches in length and 2 inches in cir- 
cumference. 
On the right foot there are six toes very regularly set, and six 
metatarsal bones. The great inner toe has two phalanges, is 
2 inches in length, and 34 in circumference; the second is 13 in 
length, and 2% in circumference, and has two phalanges. The 
outer of the two great toes—that next the other toes—is therefore 
the lesser on both feet. 
The variety is in the family. It came into the family through 
the paternal grandmother, who was a‘relative of the family, in 
which digital variation exists. This grandmother herself is not 
stated to have had the variety, but the father of A S had 
six toes on each foot and “ very long thumbs.” Of his seven chil- 
dren, a daughter and three sons have no digital variety; the other 
daughter has, as above described, six digits on each hand and 
foot; a son has the great toes double; and the remaining son, 
whose case is last described, has six digits on each foot and on one 
hand, Thisson has four children, who are all normal. Of the other 
sons, two, who are normal, are married and have fifteen children, 
all of whom are likewise normal. 
18. Case of Double Distal Phalanx of Thumb, with distant Hereditary 
Origin. 
J H , et. 70, Argyleshire, has the thumb on the right 
hand double at the distal phalanx, while the metacarpal bone, and 
the proximal phalanx, are single. The distal segment is at first 
much flattened, and then bifurcated for about half an inch; each 
has a separate phalanx, and anail. The distal divided segment 
remains constantly extended. 
Neither of his six brothers, or eight sisters, or father or mother, 
had any digital variety. His maternal grandmother, herself normal, 
was a member of the family already alluded to, among whom such 
variety exists; and the next case is that of a sister’s grand-daughter. 
18 (a). Case of Additional Thumb on each Hand, with Additional 
Metacarpal Bones, and Double Great Toe on one Foot. Distant 
Hereditary Origin, connected with the preceding case. 
J D , et. 4, Argyleshire, has two thumbs of equal size 
on each hand, and a double great toe on the left foot. The two 
thumbs on each hand have each two phalanges, and also each a 
metacarpal bone. The two thumbs of each hand possess flexion 
and extension and other motions perfect, and are equally useful. 
The metatarsal bone of the left great toe appears to be grooved 
