On the Fruit and Seed of Clerodendron Thomsonee. 209 
corresponds to their commissure) with a succulent mass of 
cells of a bright scarlet colour (fig. 5). This mass covers 
two-thirds of the surface of each achene, and finally assumes | 
an orange colour, The mass exhibits grooves and eleva- 
tions on its surface, and has a rugose appearance, not unlike 
the convolutions of the brain (fig. 8). On examining this 
cellular coat, we find that the scarlet colour is produced by 
globules apparently of an oily nature, filling the interior of 
the external cells, and that the cells below are deficient in 
colour, being clear and transparent (fig. 9). This scarlet 
succulent mass, increasing very rapidly in the axis, separates 
the achenes from each other, so that they finally spread 
out in a cruciate manner, being united only at their bases 
(fig. 6). The cells of the succulent part of the pericarp are 
beautiful objects under the microscope, and they are repre- 
sented in fig. 10, The rapid development of this cellular 
coat seems almost akin to that in some Fungi, Bovista for 
example, which is one of the marvels of vegetative power. 
The scarlet colour stains paper beyond remedy; nothing 
but scratching removes it. The oil-globule-bearing cells 
look like glands. The minute globules of oil (fig. 11), 
when pressed out of the cells in water, exhibit molecular 
movements. When the cells are put into water, the oil 
globules run together, so as to form a homogeneous mass. 
The beautiful scarlet covering of the achenes renders the 
plant scarcely less showy in fruit than it was in flower. 
(Specimens of the pistil and fruit in various states were ex- 
hibited.) 
EXPLANATION OF Puate V. 
Fig. 1. Seed of Clerodendron Thomsone germinating, showing epigeal cotyle- 
dons and radicle. 
Fig. 2. Flower with white-coloured calyx, scarlet corolla, and didynamous 
stamens. 
Fig. 3. Large calyx surrounding the young fruit, separated into four carpels. 
The style has fallen off. The calyx is at first white, and finally 
assumes a pinkish hue. 
Fig. 4. Young pistil, showing terminal style with the four united carpels. 
Fig. 5. Four achenes, with black shining outer coat, and succulent inner 
covering of a scarlet colour. 
Fig. 6. Four achenes still more separated, apparently by the rapid growth 
of the scarlet cellular mass at the commissure, which now becomes 
the upper surface. The achenes arranged in a cruciate manner. 
