318 Proceedings of Societies. 
and generally smooth hairless bodies; they are of a low stature, rather 
strongly made, with short thick feet, and small delicate hands. The face 
is broad, the eyebrows flat, the nose small, well formed, with the nostrils 
somewhat exposed ; the lips broad and well cut, the mouth large but not 
projecting. In character, the Malay is impassive, reserved, and bashful. 
His feelings of surprise, admiration, or fear, are not readily manifested, 
and he has little appreciation of the sublime or beautiful. He is some- 
what taciturn, is deliberate when he speaks ; he but seldom laughs, nor 
does he openly express his gratitude for a favour. He revenges an in- 
sult more quickly than an injury. He is honest and trustworthy in many 
matters, but prides himself upon his capacity of lying. His intellect is 
but mediocre, he is deficient in the energy necessary to acquire knowledge, 
and his mind seems incapable of following out any more than the simplest 
combinations. He is quick in acquiring mechanical arts, and therefore 
makes a good servant for simple routine duties. The Papuan is in many 
respects the opposite of the Malay. In colour he is a deep sooty-brown or 
black ; his hair is very peculiar, being harsh, dry, and frizzly, growing in 
little tufts, which in youth are short and compact, but which in adults often 
grow out so as to form a compact frizzly mop, nearly a yard in diameter. 
He is bearded, and his arms, legs, and breast, are more or less hairy. 
The Papuan is taller than the Malay, and perhaps equal to the average 
of Europeans; the face is elongate, and the hands and feet rather large ; 
the forehead is flat, the brows very prominent, the nose large, long, and 
arched, with the nostrils hidden by the overhanging tip. ‘The face has 
thus a Semitic character, which is perceptible even in the children. The 
moral characteristics of the Papuan separate him widely from the Malay. 
He is impulsive and demonstrative in speech and action. His emotions 
and passions ire expressed in shouts and laughter, in yells and frantic 
leapings. He is noisy and boisterous in speech and action, both at home 
and before strangers. Of his intellect less is known, but it seems at least 
equal and probably superior to that of the Malay. He has a love of art, 
decorating his canoe, his house, and almost every domestic article with 
elaborate carving. It must be granted, therefore, that these two races 
are most strongly contrasted; and if mankind can be classed at all in 
distinct varieties, the Malay and the Papuan must certainly be kept sepa- 
rate. Besides these well-marked races, are the inhabitants of the inter- 
mediate islands of the Moluccas and Timor, which, though differing in 
some degree from both, may yet, in almost every case, be classed with one 
or the other of them. The Negritos of the Philippines and the Lemangs 
of Malacca differ in most important characters from the Papuan races 
with which they have hitherto been classed, and must be considered to 
have Asiatic rather than Polynesian affinities. The recent evidence of 
the antiquity of man, and his having survived geological changes and the 
extinction of many species of mammalia, introduces a new element into 
ethnographical researches, and enables us to speculate more freely on the 
distribution and origin of races. Mr Darwin’s researches on the structure 
and origin of the coral reefs of the Pacific, render it highly probable that 
great islands, or even continents, have recently sunk beneath its waters. 
The present distribution of animals in the Pacific islands leads us to con- 
clude that this subsidence is geologically recent. The inhabitants of all 
the Pacific islands as far west as New Guinea and Australia have much 
in common, while they differ greatly from other races. Combining these 
facts, and boldly following their indications, we may divide the Malay 
Archipelago by a virtual waving line through the Moluccas, so that all 
the tribes to the west of the line will be Malayan and of Asiatic origin, 
and all to the east Papuan or of Polynesian origin. This.division is in. 
