320 Proceedings of Societies. 
“Statistics of the Tanning Trade of Newcastle-on-Tyne (communicated 
by Mr James Ports). By the late Mr T. C. Aneus. 
‘Military Budgets of English and French Armies, for 1863-4, Statisti- 
cally compared.” By Colonel Syxes.—He showed by a series of elaborate 
returns that the total effective English army was 147,118; that of the 
French, 355,187: the cost per head of the effective and non-effective 
English, numbering 147,118 men, was £94, 1s. 13d., while the French 
effective and non-effective forces, of 400,000, was £43, 9s. 4d. per head. 
The cost of the British manufacturing department was £6, 10s. per head, 
against £2, 15s. 10d.; military stores (British) per head, £5, 14s., 
French, £3, Os. 2d.; purchase of small arms (British), 14s. 43d., against 
5s. 8d.; British military education, £1, 3s. 5d., French, 7s. 1d. ; adminis- 
tration of the British army (Secretary of State and Commander-in-Chief’s 
department), £1, 8s. 11d., French, 6s. 114d.; Government staff (British) 
per individual, £304, 5s., French, £390; clothing (British), £4, Os. 2d., 
against £1, 19s. 11d. French. 
‘‘Report of the Committee on Technical and Scientific Evidence in 
Courts of Law.” By Mr THomas Wesster. 
‘* A Statistical Account of the Parish of Belingham.” By Mr Wit1uiam 
Henry Cuarxton. 
“On the Difference’ between Irish and English Poor Law.” By 
Wituram Neritson Hancock, LL.D. 
“The Statistics connected with the Architectural Improvements in the 
City of Paris.” By Mr Wituiam Tite. 
‘‘The Volunteer Force; its Comparative Cost, Development, present 
State, and Prospects.” By Mr Henry C. AuLHusEN. 
“On the Origin of the Stockton and Darlington Railway.” By Mr W. 
Faiows. 
‘‘ Observations on Criminals.” By Mr Tuomas Rostns. 
‘*On the Reduction of the Death-rate in Gateshead by Sanitary 
Measures.” By Mr Jonn Lamp. 
Section G.—MECHANICAL SCIENCE. 
President—Rev. R. Wits. 
Mr C. T. Porter read a paper describing ‘‘ Rizhards’s Indicator for 
Steam-Engines.”’ ¢ 
Mr P. Westmacorr read a paper, prepared by himself and Mr J. H. 
Spencer, ‘‘On the Engineering Manufactures of the Tyne and Neigh- 
bouring Districts.”’ 
Mr J. Jamieson described a new form of Air-Engine of his invention. 
A paper by Messrs Hawrnorn, describing their new method of working 
railways by stationary engines, was read. 
“*On a New Plan for Hanging Dock-Gates.” By Mr R. A. Peacock. 
Mr G. Fawcvs described a plan for building boats so that any number 
may be packed one within the other, thus enabling a larger number of 
boats to be carried on board ship, and effecting a great economy of room. 
Mr D. Pusretrey read a paper descriptive of Thompson’s Universal 
Stopper for bottles, casks, &c.,—an ingenious and effective mechanical 
arrangement for this purpose, by which many of the inconveniences from 
the use of corks are obviated. 
