Sir C. Lyell on Fossil Reptilian Remains. 215 



a cushiony leathery sole all over, extending along the lower 

 surfaces of the fingers and toes, which are provided with little 

 nails, evidently adapting them for their stony peregrina- 

 tions. They may be seen ascending up almost perpendicular 

 faces of rock, and they can as rapidly descend without hav- 

 ing recourse to a fall to hasten their descent. The distribution 

 of the teeth are as follows: Incisors -|, canines y — yj mo " 

 lars JJ = 30. The lower incisors are small, chisel-shaped, set 

 together, and their edges indented like a saw transversely. 

 The two upper incisors are longer, curved, triangular, point- 

 ed and set apart, and look like canines in every respect as to 

 appearance, and no doubt as to use ; for they cannot cut, and 

 are only serviceable to tear, and in fact are suitable tusks. 

 The molars are all tuberculated. No tail. 



The Aardvarh {Orycteropus capensis) is an inhabitant of 

 the Fish River country, but a description of this animal, and 

 its anatomy, have already been given.* 



On the discovery of some Fossil Reptilian Remains and 

 a Land-Shell in the interior of an erect Fossil-Tree in the 

 Coal Measures of Nova Scotia ; with remarks on the origin 

 of Coal-fields, and the time required for their formation. 

 By Sir C. Lyell, F.R.S. 



The entire thickness of the carboniferous strata exhibited 

 in one uninterrupted section on the shores of the Bay of 

 Fundy, in Nova Scotia, at a place called the South Joggins 

 and its neighbourhood, was ascertained by Mr Logan to be 

 14,570 feet. The middle part of this vast series of strata 

 having a thickness of 1400 feet, abounds in fossil forests of 

 erect trees, together with root-beds and thin seams of coal. 

 These coal-bearing strata were examined in detail by Mr J. 

 W. Dawson of Pictou, and Sir C. Lyell in September last 

 (1852), and among other results of their investigations they 

 obtained satisfactory proof that several Sigillarise standing 

 in an upright position, or at right angles to the planes of 

 stratification, were provided with Stigmarise as roots. Such 

 a relation between Sigillaria and Stigraaria had, it is true, 

 been already established by Mr Binney of Manchester, and 



* Vide Edin. New Phil. Journal, vol. liv., No. 107, p. 168. 



