THE 
EDINBURGH NEW 
PHILOSOPHICAL JOURNAL, 
EXHIBITING A VIEW OF THE 
IN THE 
EDITORS. 
THOMAS ANDERSON, M.D., F.RS.E. 
REGIUS PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY, UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW; 
Sir WILLIAM JARDINE, Bart, F.RAS.E. ; 
JOHN HUTTON BALFOUR, -A.M., M.D., 
F.RASS. L. & E., F.L.S., 
RKREGIUS KEEPER OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, AND PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE AND BOTANY, 
UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH. 
FOR AMERICA, 
HENRY D. ROGERS, LLD., Hon. F.R.S.E., F.GS,, 
STATE GEOLOGIST, PENNSYLVANIA; PROFESSOR OF NATURAL HISTORY IN THE 
UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW. ? 
| 30 5 igen OCTOBER 1861. 
VOL. XIV. NEW SERIES. 
EDINBURGH: 
ADAM AND CHARLES BLACK. 
LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS, LONDON. 
MDCCCLXI. 
