76 Dr Lauder Lindsay on the Flora of Iceland. 
the « Synopsis Hepaticarum” of Nees von Esenbeck, Gottsche, 
and Lindenberg, and partly according to Hartman. The 
Alge are named according to the “ Species, Genera et Ordines 
Fucoidearum” of T. G. Agardh (1848-1852); Professor 
Harvey’s “ Manual of the British Marine Alge” (2d ed. 
1848) ; and Dr Hassall’s ‘‘ History of the British Freshwater 
Alge” (1857). The Lichens are named and classified es- 
sentially according to Nylander’s “Synopsis Lichenum” 
(1858-1860), and “Enumeration générale des Lichens” 
(1858). The Fungi and Alge are arranged in accordance 
with the classification given in Lindley’s ‘ Vegetable King- 
dom” (3d ed. 1853). It seemed advisable to omit from my 
list all plants which are doubtful natives of Iceland. Nor 
have I introduced such names, occurring in the older Flo- 
ras, as may refer to one of several plants, when the pre- 
cise plant cannot now be determined, examples of this 
are given in pages 70 to 74. I have excluded also the 
names of those plants in Vahl’s list, which are not indi- 
cated by an asterisk as having been actually found, and which, 
in addition, I do not find mentioned by other botanists as 
natives of Iceland. Neither have I mentioned varieties, states, 
or forms of plants, except such as are very marked, and 
deserve record apart from the species to which they belong ; 
or such as were regarded as species by the earlier botanists. 1 
have thought it advisable in all cases to give the native Ice- 
landic names of the plants. In order to secure uniformity and 
accuracy, these have, in all instances, been taken from Hjal- 
talin’s Flora. Apart from any other interest attaching to 
them, such as serving to identify the botanical species, the 
vernacular names, and more especially the number in cer- 
tain cases of native synonyms, indicate the plants which 
are most abundant in Iceland, and most familiar to the 
Icelanders (being employed by them in medicine, or the do- 
mestic arts, or as food for man or cattle), as well as their 
relative abundance. For instance, the two to five or six 
native synonyms indicate the abundance of such plants as 
Thalictrum alpinum, Caltha palustris, Cardamine pratensis, 
Nasturtium palustre and amphibium, Capsella Bursa-pas- 
toris, Viola tricolor, Silene acaulis, S. inflata, Lychnis al- 
pina, Arenaria pep loides, Geraniumsylvaticum, Vicia Cracea, 
