the Coast of the Firth of Forth. 103 
outskirts of the town of Leith. It has been laid open in an 
interesting section in the sand-pit on the south side of the 
Junction Road, close to Bowling-Green Street. The strata 
here exposed lie about twenty-five feet above high-water mark, 
and are unequivocally those of the raised beach. They closely 
correspond to the deposits along the shore between Leith and 
Portobello. In examining them, I was accompanied by my 
friend and colleague Dr Young, who has assisted me in nearly 
all the observations detailed in this paper. We found that, 
in addition to the ordinary contents of raised-beach deposits, 
they include others which have not hitherto been observed, 
and which give a clue to the date of the last rise of the land 
in this part of Scotland. 
The section in the sand-pit presents the succession of strata 
shown in the subjoined diagram. The lowest bed (1) visible 
is one of coarse gravel or shingle, the pebbles being all well 
fas 
aopy 2, 6:9 
y, 7 ESS ee - 
gS —— 
at wae SS SE <agirst 
See (oe RE See ete 
Section of Sand-pit, Junction Road, Leith. 
rounded, and loosely cemented in a sandy and somewhat fer- 
ruginous matrix. (2) Is a bed of fine white sand, about six 
feet thick. It is full of false bedding, the diagonal stratifica- 
tion being beautifully exhibited by the alternations of darker 
and lighter coloured layers. Its upper surface is irregular, 
and is overlaid by a well-marked seam (3) of sand and gravel, 
which averages about sixteen inches in thickness. Its lower 
part is gravelly and ferruginous. This stratum is covered by 
three or four inches of a stiff greenish clay (4), which contains 
numerous perpendicular (sometimes dichotomous) ferruginous 
