186 Dr Dickson on some of the Stages of Development 
Thus, since the lower of these bud-scales do not differ from 
the first leaves of the leaf-bud, and since they certainly form 
a continuous series with the cone-scales, it follows, as might 
have been anticipated, that in Dammara, just as in Araucaria, 
the scales so called are in fact the leaves of the cone-shoot. 
Not to pursue this subject further at present, I will now pro- 
ceed to detail the principal points which I have been able to 
investigate in the development of the female flower. 
The earliest condition which I have seen is that represented 
in Plate IV. figs. 1 and 2. It consists in a small, somewhat 
flattened mammilla, springing from a broadish base, on the 
inner or upper surface, and in the middle line of the scale 
close to its base. Even at this period it is inverted, its apex 
being directed towards the axis. The attachment of the mam- 
milla is about 5 of an inch from the base of the “scale;” 
the length of the “scale” itself being about } of an inch, or 
a little more. 
In a further advanced stage two shoulder-like projections 
are to be seen, one on either side of the apex of the mammilla 
(Plate IV. fig. 3); which, when looked at in the direction of the 
apex (Plate IV. fig. 4), are found to be two semilunar eleva- 
tions embracing it. These manifestly correspond to what 
Baillon has described as carpels occurring in Pinus, Taxus, Xe. 
I cannot say that I have seen these elevations actually 
free from one other at their bases, although very nearly so. 
At first they appeared to me as being quite free from each 
other, and I had even made a drawing representing such to be 
the case ; but on closer scrutiny and more careful adjustment 
of them to the light, there can always be detected an extremely 
faint elevation of the surface between their bases. I regret 
extremely that my materials have not enabled me to make 
certain of this point, as it is of great importance in confirming 
Baillon’s view of the primitive duality of the structure enclos- 
ing the “nucleus”’ or ovule, and which I am strongly inclined 
to hold as correct.* 
* T must here state that the flowers near the apices of the cones, and whence 
I obtained the specimens such as are represented in figs, 1 and 3, are often im- 
perfectly developed, and that many of the apparently very young flowers are 
probably in reality older than they seem, and so be liable to induce misconcep- 
