found at St Andrews in 1860. 195 
greatly prevails among them. In the cases of the old men, 
Nos. 11 and 15, the cheek depressions are deep. The crania 
in this section approximate more to.the form of the modern 
Scottish skull than those of the first section; indeed, we 
believe they resemble this form closely. 
This section of the skulls does not lend any support to a 
doctrine maintained by phrenologists, and still more generally 
received, that the cranium undergoes a development or en- 
largement in the progress of society and the advancement of 
civilization—a doctrine which the examination of ancient 
skulls in general does not tend to confirm. Iam persuaded 
that differences in size and form in human crania are more 
deeply rooted and more unchangeable, and that they depend 
on difference of race. The skulls of this section may be re- 
garded as fine “ domes of thought,” and are equal in develop- 
ment to those of many modern Scotchmen. No. 6 isa cra- 
nium of even unusual capacity, which may be easily tested 
by applying to it the hats which fit the generality of heads; 
although denuded of soft parts, it will be found to fill them, 
or more than fill them. If an attempt were made to trace 
out the resemblances which may be detected among individual 
skulls of this section and those depicted in the plates of the 
“ Crania Britannica,” it would be found that these likenesses 
are apparent between them and the Anglo-Saxon series of 
the work, not the aboriginal series. Sometimes such resem- 
blances are even striking, as between No. 10 and the Anglo- 
Saxon skull, derived from the cemetery at Firle, in Sussex, 
forming the subject of plate 29. 
No. 5 presents a very unusual development of the lateral 
portions of the inferior semicircular ridge of the occiput, in- 
dicating the vigour of the recti postict majores, and other 
muscles which extend and turn the head upon the spinal 
column. The femur of this skeleton measured 192 inches, so 
that the man must have been tall and powerful. 
No. 12, a fine large brachycephalic skull of a young man, 
of probably about thirty-five, appears to have received a 
severe injury on the left side of the upper part of the frontal 
bone during life, producing a fracture five inches long, 
