found at St Andrews in 1860. 199 
thought that mine is but ‘‘a judgment maimed and most im- 
perfect.” I shall, however, be very happy if some one better 
informed will ‘ amplify my judgment in other conclusions.” 
P.S.—On a revision of what I have previously written 
relative to the skulls from the Kirkhill of St Andrews, there 
are a few points which appear to stand out rather more 
strongly than I at first thought, and which afford a little 
more definiteness to the conclusions we may arrive at respect- 
ing both the period and people to which these crania have 
belonged. | 
In the first place, there seems to be good ground for consi- 
dering this spot to have been used for funeral purposes from 
great antiquity, and during pre-Christian times. Three small 
places on the hill were found to be distinctly marked as the 
positions of fires, by ashes scattered about. One of them was 
surrounded with stones. These are probable indications of 
the rite of cremation. The want of orientation in some of the 
interments is a like indication of pre-Christian times. And 
the fact of one of the interments, in a rude cist, being situated 
within the foundations of the nave of the ancient church, 
brought to light by the recent excavations, proves that the 
site was used for sepulchral purposes before the erection of 
this church, the foundations of which alone now exist. 
Upon the whole, it seems very probable that some of the 
cistic interments belong to pre-Christian times, and may date 
from the sixth century; others are clearly the sepulchral 
relics of the early Culdees, or the first Pictish converts to 
Christianity; whilst a third series of remains, or some of 
them, it is fair to infer may be those of Anglo-Saxon 
or other Teutonic settlers.* 
* The Flemings, the great commercial people of that age, visited this east- 
ern coast of Scotland much in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, and settled 
in the towns. In the reign of William the Lion (1165-1214), St Andrews was 
inhabited by Scots, French, English, and Flandrenses. 
