On the Distribution of the Conifere in Canada. 207 
sand dunes near the shore. It appears again at Quebec, on the 
road to Caprouge, though now nearly all cut away. A few full- 
grown specimens are preserved in Mount Hermon Cemetery, 
as a memorial of an extensive grove formerly inhabiting that 
vicinity ; the soil there being the shale of the Oneida sand- 
stones. Proceeding upwards, we find it in some quantity on 
the sandhills at Three Rivers. This pine inhabits extensively 
that Laurentian tract of country between the headwaters of 
the Saguenay westward to Lake Huron, occupying the fissures 
of the rocks. It appears to thrive on the dryest and worst of 
soils. It attains a height of 40 to 50 feet, but is worthless for 
any economical purpose. The branches are open and distant, 
not making a picturesque object, except in connection with the 
wild scenery in which it delights to dwell. 
Pinus rigida (Pitch Pine).—A scarce tree in Canada; 
found by Mr C. Billings near Brockville, and may be sought 
for with probable success in the Laurentian Hills, between 
that town and Kingston, and among the Thousand Islands. 
Possibly the P. Banksiana may also be discovered in the same 
locality. Its principal habitats are from Lake Champlain 
southwards. 
Pinus resinosa (Red Pine ; also, though improperly, called 
Norway Pine).—This pine is found in scattered localities on 
many of the tributaries of the St Lawrence and the Bay of 
Quinté, but in the greatest abundance at the headwaters of 
the Ottawa, growing in the poorest land. Very large quan- 
tities of this timber—principally from the last-mentioned tract 
of country—are yearly floated down to market at Quebec for 
exportation. It attains a height of from 60 to 70 feet; and 
the trunks are straight, and generally free from branches to 
the height of 30 to 40 feet. The timber of this species, if not 
quite equal, at least approaches in quality to that of the Nor- 
way Pine, which is obtained in commerce principally from 
the ports in the Baltic. Next, after white pine, it forms the 
greatest article of exportation from Canada. ‘The young 
branches are well furnished with long leaves of a dark-green 
colour, giving the tree a massive appearance, yet it is wanting 
in picturesque effect. | 
Pinus Strobus (White Pine).—This pine is the most mag- 
nificent, and at the same time the most useful, of all our 
