the Eastern Side of the Basin of the Nile. 249 
In saying this, I do not intend to affirm that names so trans- 
lated were necessarily significant in the language of the 
country to which they belonged, in the sense in which they 
were translated, but simply that they were significant in some 
(most probably other) language, through which they reached 
the Greek. In my work already cited* I have instanced the 
island of Java, whose Indian names, Java-dvipa, Ptolemy 
not only translated, but at the same time fortunately furnished 
direct evidence of his translation. His words are, "IaGadsou 
6 onwaiver xgidys vjoos,t ‘* Jabadiou, which signifies Barley 
Island ;” the fact being, that in the Kavi language java really 
does mean barley, as dvipa means island. Yet it is not to 
be imagined that “ Barley Island” was the signification of. 
the primitive native name; and this for the simple but con- 
clusive reason, that the climate of Java not being suited to 
the growth of barley, the indigenous name of that island could 
never have been derived from an exotic plant, though, from 
its resemblance to the word java, or “barley,” in the lan- 
guage of the Indian invaders, the latter may have so under- 
stood and translated it. 
On my journey home through Italy last autumn, I visited the 
site of the ancient Ktruscan city of Luna, on the shores of the 
Gulf of Spezia,—the celebrated Portus Lune of antiquity,— 
Lunai portum est opere cognoscere, cives |{— which appeared 
tome likely to offer a parallel to the African “‘ Mwezi.” § Pre- 
viously to my visit I had not the means of referring to the prin- 
cipal authorities on the subject. But since arriving in En gland 
I have had the gratification of finding, as in the case of Java, 
the recorded translation into Greek of the name of this Etruscan 
city, not directly from the original native language, but through 
the medium of a third tongue, which in this case ig the Latin. 
The same geographer, Ptolemy, when describing the country 
of the Tuscans or Tyrrhenians, mentions Aviva, that is to say, 
Luna, and immediately following it, Sergvng cxgor, || the pro- 
* The Sources of the Nile, p. 83. 
t Lib. vii. cap. ii. § 29. 
t Ennius. 
§ See “ Atheneum” of 6th October 1860 (No. 1719), p. 451. 
|| Lib. iii. cap. i., sec. 4 (Edit. Bertii, p. 68). 
