Ethnic Significance of the Human Skull. 271 
difficulties which complicate the investigations of the na- 
turalist when dealing with man. The evidence which places 
beyond doubt the posthumous origin of the distortion in this 
Hochelaga skull is of the same nature as that which has 
already been accepted in relation to an example recovered 
from an Anglo-Saxon cemetery at Stone, in Buckingham- 
shire. The forehead is flattened and greatly depressed on 
the right side, and this recedes so far, owing to the distortion 
of the whole cranium, that the right external angular process 
of the frontal bone is nearly an inch behind that of the left 
side. ‘The skull recedes proportionally on the same side 
throughout, with considerable lateral development at the 
parietal protuberance, and irregular posterior projection on 
the right side of the occiput. The right superior maxillary 
and malar bones are detached from the calvarium, but the 
nasal bones and the left maxillary remain in situ, exhibiting 
in the former evidence of the well-developed and prominent 
~ nose characteristic of Indian physiognomy. The bones of the 
calvarium, with one slight exception, have retained their co- 
herence, notwithstanding the great distortion to which it has 
been subjected, though in this example ossification has not 
begun at any of the sutures. The exception referred to is in 
the left temporal bone, which is so far partially displaced as 
to have detached the upper edge of the squamous suture. 
Part also of the base of the skull is wanting. 
The posthumous origin of the distortion of this skull is 
proved beyond dispute on replacing the condyles of the lower 
jaw in apposition with the glenoid cavities, when it is found 
that, instead of the front teeth meeting the corresponding 
ones of the upper maxillary, the lower right and left incis- 
sors both impinge on the first right canine tooth, and the re- 
maining teeth are thereby so displaced from their normal 
relation to those of the upper jaw, as to preclude the possi- 
bility of their answering the purpose of mastication—which 
their worn condition proves them to have done,—had they 
occupied the same relative position during life. 
The extreme distortion which this skull has undergone is 
still more apparent when looking on it at its base. The bone 
has been fractured, and portions of it have become detached 
