British Association. : 297 
in the brilliancy of the flame, possibly because the eye was not sufficiently 
sensitive to detect the slight difference which was to be expected. 
This paper was followed by others :—On the Emission and Absorption 
of Rays of Light by certain Gases, by Dr J. H. Gladstone. On an 
Aluminous Mineral from the Upper Chalk near Brighton, by Dr J. H. 
and Mr G. Gladstone. On the Chemical Composition of some Woods 
employed in the Navy, by Dr Grace Calvert. On the Chemical Composition 
of Steel, by Dr Grace Calvert. On the Solvent Powers of Weak and 
Strong Solutions of Alkaline Carbonates on Uric Acid Caleuli, by Dr W. 
Roberts. On certain Difficulties in the way of separating Gold from 
Quartz, by Dr Smith (of Sydney). On Atmospheric Ozone, by Dr Moffat. 
On Sulphuretted Hydrogen as a Product of Putrefaction, by Dr Moffat. 
On the Composition and valuation of Superphosphates, by Professor Gallo- 
way. On Morin, and the Non-existence of Moro-tannic Acid, by Professor 
Delffs. On the Constitution of Paranaphthaline or Anthracine, and some 
of its Decomposition Products, by Professor Anderson. On Piperic and 
Hydro-piperic Acids, by G. C. Foster. 
Section ©. (Geology) was presided over by Sir R. I. Murchison, who 
gave an opening address of much interest on those primeval rocks 
with which his own researches had for many years been most connected, 
with some remarks on metamorphism. He now finds it impossible to 
refuse any longer to believe that a mechanical deposit may have become 
crystalline (while others of the same epoch continue mechanical still), 
and that without any exposure to such heat as could destroy organic 
remains. For such phenomena in metamorphism, indeed, he still finds 
himself unable to account; but if he will refer to an article in this jour- 
nal so far back as November—January 1833, p. 132, he will find himself 
invited to such discoveries as he and other geologists are now making, 
the change from the confused and mechanical structure to the crystal- 
line (or condition of molecular repose) being there shown to demand, in 
favourable circumstances, no more heat than that which specifically 
actuates all molecules. The other papers in the Geological Section were 
chiefly of a local character, recording observations on particular localities. 
These were—Sketch of the Geology of Manchester, by E. W. Binney. 
On the Recent Encroachments of the Sea on the shores of Torbay, 
by W. Pengelly. Hard Devonian limestones, fissile and round-jointed, 
formed, he said, the two projecting horns of Torbay. Sandstones and 
conglomerates form the hollow of the bay, and have been much worn 
away within the memory of man, especially at Livermead, which is only 
preserved by continual engineering labour. The process of erosion by 
the sea was explained by the author as something like a succession of 
honeycombing, sometimes by insulations of portions of the cliffs. On the 
slates and limestones the sea more slowly produced excavations and ledges, 
which storms enlarge. The effects of the severe storm of October 1859, 
on the cliffs, beach, roads, &c., of Torbay were described in detail, and © 
the importance of such storms as modern agents of change was dealt upon. 
On the Excess of Water in the Region of the Earth about New Zealand : 
its Causes and Effects, by J. Yates. Notes on two Ichthyosauri to be ex- 
hibited to the Meeting, by C. Moore. On the Relation of the Eskdale 
Granite at Black Comb to the Schistose Rocks, by J. G. Marshall. Ona 
Dinosaurian Reptile (Scelidosaurus Harrisonii) from the Lower Lias of 
Charmouth, by Professor Owen. On the Remains of a Plesiosaurian 
Reptile (Plesiosaurus Australis) from the Oolitic Formation in the Middle 
Island of New Zealand, by Professor Owen. On the Elsworth Rock and 
of the Olay above it, by H. Seely. On the Sandstones and their associated 
Deposits of the Valley of the Eden and the Cumberland Plain, by Pro- 
