‘British Association. " 299 
side of the chest, the larger close to the lower part of the right blade-bone. 
Two of the ribs in the skeleton of this animal are broken on the right side 
near where the charge had passed through the skin in its course outwards. 
These marks correspond with the account of the slaughter of the great 
gorilla given by M. Du Chaillu. Professor Owen proceeded to describe the 
colour of the female gorilla, which, it appears, was generally darker and 
of a more rufous tint than the male. In one female the rufous colour so 
prevailed as to induce M. Du Chaillu to note it as a red-rumped variety. 
In the young male gorilla, 2 feet 6 inches in height, 1 feet 7 inches in the 
length of the head and trunk, and 11 inches across the shoulder, the 
calvarium is covered with a well-dressed ‘‘skull-cap” of a reddish- 
coloured hair. The back part of the head behind the ears, the temples 
and chin are clothed with that mixture of fuscous brown and grey hair 
which cover with a varying depth of tint the trunk, arms, and thighs. 
The naked part of the skin of the face appears to have been black, or of 
a very dark leaden colour; a few scattered straight hairs, mostly black, 
represent the eyebrows. A narrow moustache borders the upper lip, the 
whole of the lower lip and sides of the head are covered with hair of the 
prevailing grey fuscous colour, The rich series of skulls and skeletons 
brought home by M. Du Chaillu illustrate some most important phases 
of dentition. ‘These phases were specified by Professor Owen at length. 
The deciduous or milk dentition, it was remarked, were in the youngest 
specimen of the gorilla something similar to those of the human child, 
but an interspace equal to half the breadth of the outer incisor divides 
that tooth from the canine, and the crown of the canine descends nearly 
two lines below that of the contiguous milk molar. The deciduous molars 
differed from those of the human child in the more pointed shape of the 
first, and much larger size of the second. The dentition of the young 
gorilla corresponds best with that exemplified in the human child between 
the eighth and tenth years ; the difference, however, is shown in the com- 
plete placing of the true molar, whilst the premolar series is incomplete. 
It was worthy of remark, also, that in both specimens examined the 
premolars of the upper jaw had preceded those of the lower jaw, and that 
the hind premolar has come into place before the front one. In the lat- 
ter development of the canines and the earlier development of the second 
molars of the second dentition the gorilla differs, like the chimpanzee 
and the orangs, from the human order of dental development and suc- 
cession. An opportunity of observing this order in the lower races of 
mankind is rare. Professor Owen availed himself of the opportunity in 
the case of the male and female dwarf Earthmen from South Africa, ex- 
hibited in London. He found dentition at the phase indicative of the 
age from seven to nine in the English child; other indications agreed 
with this evidence of immaturity. ‘The children were dressed and exhi- 
bited as adults. Both showed the same precedency in development 
of canines and premolars which obtains in the whole race. Referring 
next to the variety of the chimpanzee brought by M. Du Chaillu from the 
Camma Country and from near Cape Lopez, Professor Owen remarked 
that this species accords specifically in its osteological and hirsute deve- 
lopment with the Troglodytes niger. It is stated by M. Du Chaillu to 
be distinguished by the natives of Camma as the nschiegombovie from 
the common chimpanzee (T'roglodytes niger), called by them the nschiego. 
From the character of the skins of the male and female specimens of this 
species brought by M. Du Chaillu to London, Professor Owen would 
have deduced evidence of a distinct and well-defined variety of Troglo- 
dytes. 
"The reading of this paper was followed by: a discussion in which Pro- 
fessor Owen, Dr Lankester, and M. Du Chaillu took part. Professor 
