the Germanic Races into Europe. 41 



northern shores of the European mainland, all occupying the 

 geographical positions to which the foremost intruders into 

 the European area must have been driven by the accession of 

 successive migrations from the east. In Greece and Italy 

 were the Hellenic and Kelto-Italian successors of the Pelasgi, 

 with, in the Italian peninsula, the intrusive Semitic race of 

 the Rasena or Etruscans. In Spain were the Iberi and Celti- 

 beri, with also a small intrusive race : Phoenician or Punic ; 

 and those with the Phocian and Punic colonies of Masallia 



contradistinguished from Keltic. The term, however, is at best arbitrary, at 

 worst altogether false ; for it is by no means improbable that the Teutones were 

 Keltic, as it is certain that the evidence of Appian tends to show that both they 

 and the Kymbri were of Gallic origin. (Vide Latham's " Germania of Taci- 

 tus ," pp. ex., clx., clxiv.) The names Teutones and Teutoni have been mis- 

 takenly assumed as derived from the German oleutsch, teut-sch = teut-oni. But 

 the word signifying people, from which deulsch is derived, is either written, 

 thiud, Anglo-Saxon theod, or diut ; never thiut, or theut, still less teut. Teut, 

 on the contrary, appears to be a Gallic syllable. We find, among the Gauls, 

 Teutomatus (Cses. b. 7), Teutates (Lucan), Teutomalus (Liv. Epist.). One of 

 the Teuton chiefs was called Teutobochus or Teutobodus (Florus and Eutro- 

 pius), while Pliny (v. 32) speaks of a Galatic people : Teutobodiaci. Another 

 of the captive Teuton chiefs is named by Plutarch, Boiorix ; while Livy (34, 

 46,) names a Boiorix of a "Regulus" among the Galli Insubres in Upper 

 Italy. There was a weapon peculiar to the Teutons, called cateja (vide Virgil, 



b. 7, Teutonico ritusoliti vibrare cateias), which Isidor calls Genus Gallici telle: 

 the termination eja being strictly Gallic. Among the Belgs were the Aduatici, 

 whose name is purely Keltic, and even recals that of the Atacotti in Britain; 

 but these Aduatici were, according to Caesar, descendants of the Cimbri and 

 Teutoni. Old Festus (de signif. verborum) says that the Ambrones who fol- 

 lowed the Teutoni, were gens Gallica. The Kymbri themselves were anciently 

 known as Galli. The oldest author mentioning them is Sallust (Bell. Jugurth., 



c. 114, adversorum Gallos ab ducibus nostris Q. Caepioni et M. Manlio male 

 pugnatum est); also the Kimbric slave sent to kill Marius at Mintuone is called 

 natione Gallus by Livy (Epist. 77). The latter notices tend to show that the 

 assertion of Strabo, or rather Posidonius (Strabo 7), afterwards repeated by 

 Plutarch (Marius, c. 11), that the Cimbri and Cimmerii are the same, is not one 

 to be hastily rejected, though so able and cautious an authority as Dr Latham 

 has expressed himself as " utterly disbelieving the Cimmerii of the Cimmerian 

 Bosphorus to have been Keltic." {Man and his Migrations, p. 169.) The 

 above argument is chiefly designed, however, to justify the substitution of the 

 term Germanic for that of Teutonic, employed by me elsewhere, and generally 

 used in England to designate the Scandinavo-German race. Even if the Teu- 

 tons can be shown to be Germanic, they were always a comparatively small 

 and unimportant tribe, nor is the suitableness of the denomination Germanic 

 disputed by any one ; the supposed risk of confusion with it, in its modern 

 political sense, has alone interfered with its adoption. 



