in Scotland and the North of England. 99 



Ben Macdui, in Aberdeenshire, there are conspicuous mo- 

 raines of the terminal order, which have been left by their 

 respective glaciers at various stages of their shrinkings. In 

 Glen Dearg, there are fully four unmistakeable masses of de- 

 tritus of this kind, a mile or two apart from each other, and 

 which would each block up the valley entirely, and form a 

 lake of its waters, if these had not been able, in the course of 

 time, to make a passage through them. I measured the height 

 of one of these masses, and found it 130 feet. The bottom of 

 this valley must be about 1700 feet above the level of the sea. 



Valley glaciers have, however, descended much below this 

 level. At a much lower point in the valley of the Dee, name- 

 ly, in the side vale of the Muick, and on the property of the 

 Prince of Wales, there is a scarcely less remarkable series of 

 moraines. In this case the glacier would be partly fed from 

 the skirts of Lochnagar. 



In the valley of the Tay, masses of moraine matter first at- 

 tract attention a little below Aberfeldy, not much more than 

 300 feet above the sea-level. In the tributary valley descend- 

 ing from the skirts of Schihallion, near Garth castle, are 

 some of the higher, and consequently more recent, terminal 

 moraines of what must have been a feeder of the same glacier. 



Few as are the other examples of valley moraines in Scot- 

 land, which have come under my observation since the publi- 

 cation of the former paper, it would be tedious to enumerate 

 them. They are such, however, as to show that wherever there 

 are mountains in Scotland approaching or exceeding 3000 feet 

 in height, there have glaciers been, tearing away detritus, and 

 leaving it in large accumulations. 



Such is one class of Scottish moraines. There is another 

 class connected with bosoms or recesses of the more elevated 

 class of mountains, being usually placed in front of these as a 

 fender is placed before a fire. In such recesses we are to 

 presume that masses of snow have gathered, till they became 

 so great that a movement outward took place. With this 

 movement, perhaps not a mile in extent, often only a few 

 hundred yards, came detritus, which of course rested at the 

 outskirts of the mass. Of this character was a moraine which 

 I formerly described as existing in Benmore Coigach near 



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