76 William Jameson on the Cultivation of 
these, which consist of teeth, jaws, and scales, more or less detached, 
are in such a position that they must have been embedded in cannel 
through the transporting agency of water. The Scotch cannel seams, 
in many instances, afford remains of fish under the same cireum- 
stances; and in the bastard cannels of Bradford, near Manchester, 
these ichthyic remains are very abundant. Among the cannels of 
Wigan, shells of the genus modiola occur, embedded in the mass; 
and this, too, confirms the opinion, that this substance had its origin 
in some way connected with the influence of water, and is antago- 
nistic to the idea that the coal seams have arisen from the same 
causes which now produce peat-bogs. Ordinary coals rarely afford 
remains distinct from the mass of the coals, as already stated, and 
this may have resulted from the amount of decomposition which 
these latter may have undergone, having effaced all traces of organic 
forms, both as regards structure and appearances. In such of the 
Scotch cannels as contain a large amount of hydrogen, and which 
have been subject to only a small amount of change from compres- 
sion and chemical alteration, as those of Boghead and Methill, we 
find stigmaria, both in the form of roots and rootlets, in a more per- 
fect state of preservation than occurs in ordinary coal, or even in 
other varieties of cannel. These present such appearances as would 
result from the circumstances under which they have grown, and in 
which they now occur, and they induce us to conclude that the can- 
nels which afford them were original—a mass of vegetable matter 
associated with mud, which furnished all the necessary condition for 
a luxuriant vegetation ; and these cannels, along with the whole of 
the members of the coal group, tend to the inference that coal origi- 
nated under the influence of water, and that it was, when being 
formed, rather similar to the subaqueous swampy mud which pre- 
vails near the mouths of many of the intertropical rivers, than to the | 
peat-bogs of the higher latitudes. 
On the Cultivation of Tea in the District of Kangra. By 
WILLIAM JAMESON, Esq., Director of the Botanical Gar- 
dens, North West Provinces, India. 
When the Most Noble the Governor-General visited the 
Kangra valley, there were only two small nurseries, formed 
from plants imported from Kumaon, in the localities distant 
from each other, the one at Nagrota, and the other at Bow- 
arnah, in the Pahlum valley, in order to shew that Tea could 
be advantageously grown. | 
In these sites the plants are growing with the greatest — 
