80 William Jameson on the Cultivation of 
work to thousands who might otherwise look for a livelihood 
in rapine and plunder. For employment at Holta, hun- 
dreds of Rajpoots have presented themselves, and.are willing 
to be employed, provided that they were not obliged to handle 
the plough. The plantation, in several places, admits of the 
plough being used, but the greater portion must be broken 
up with the Indian spade or phourah, owing to the high in- 
clination of the land. I have, therefore, purchased only a 
few bullocks; moreover, as soon as the land is planted with 
tea plants, the labour will be chiefly manual. Under these 
circumstances, tea cultivation will, no doubt, become popular 
with a class who have hitherto despised field labour. In 
Kumaon and Gurwal, high caste Rajpoots and Brahmins 
willingly engage themselves as servants in the plantations. 
So in the Kohistan of the Punjaub, it will not be long before 
employment of a similar nature becomes equally popular, 
and the men who have been in the habit of looking to the 
sword for their livelihood, find a more certain and profitable 
work in the phourah or spade. ! 
Nor is land, fitted for tea cultivation in the Kohistan, 
limited. The Kangra valley (divided into three portions— 
the western or Riloo valley, the middle or Kangra valley, 
properly so called, and the eastern or Pahlum valley), is 
about sixty miles long, and averaging ten miles in breadth ; 
and of it, at least half is well adapted to tea cultivation. 
Much land, well fitted for the same purpose, is to be met with. 
in Kooloo, Mundee, &c., and throughout the western hills. 
By Captain Hay, assistant commissioner, Kooloo, a small 
tea nursery has already been formed at Kanghur, and the 
plants are growing with the greatest vigour, many of them 
being four or five feet high. Further to the westward, in the 
Hazara country, a tea plantation is being formed by Mr Car- 
nac, deputy commissioner, Sind Sagor District, under the 
auspices of the commissioner, Mr Thornton; and his labours 
will, no doubt, be attended with success. Moreover, and 
this is a fact of the utmost importance, the inhabitants to the 
west and north-west are a tea-drinking nation, large supplies 
being imported from China to supply their wants. So that 
here there is a market at hand, and all that is required to. 
