94 Richard Adie on the Influence of Hilly 
to 12° below the mean of mid ocean, and the marine zoology 
is hence extratropical, the temperature of the land is pecu- 
liarly torrid over the same latitudes. It is evident that in 
judging of the influence of the ocean temperature on the 
temperature of the land, the direction of the aerial currents 
for the year, should be considered as a most important ele- 
ment towards any just conclusions. 
Although we cannot shew that the supposed change of 
level in the continents has taken place, we may learn from the 
“facts what vast changes in marine life have happened in past 
ages, through such changes of level as have occurred in the 
earth’s history. The changes on the land from this cause 
would be less marked ; besides, these have had far less in- 
fluence on the life of the rocks than those of the ocean, as 
the fossiliferous rocks are mainly of marine origin. We 
know that in the cretaceous and tertiary periods, the Andes 
were in part under water, or at a much lower level, and 
effects of the kind considered cannot be altogether hypo- 
thetical.—(A merican Journal of Science and Arts, vol. xvi., 
p. 391.) 
On the Influence of Undulating or Hilly Ground in checking 
Currents of Wind. By RICHARD ADIB, Esq., Laver poor 
Communicated by the Author. 
“So, pent by hills, the wild winds roar aloud, 
In the deep bosom of some gloomy wood.” 
My attention was directed to this subject by observations 
which I made on the growth of trees in the country around 
the borders of the Irish Sea in the neighbourhood of Liver- 
pool. I there remarked, that where the sea-board is backed 
by the hills of Wales, trees grow with vigour at a compara- 
tively short distance from the coast, while on the Lancashire 
shore, to the north of this town, where there is an extensive 
flat very little elevated above the surface of the adjacent sea, 
the trees have a stunted, poor appearance. I believe the 
cause of this can be shewn to be due to the hilly ground 
checking sea winds, which are sometimes loaded with a 
