Provinces of the Animal World. 357 
resembles closely, in its animal creation, the countries of Europe and 
Asia belonging to the same zone, we meet with physical and organic 
features in this continent which differ entirely from those of the 
Old World. The tropical realms connected there with those of the 
temperate zone, though bound together by some analogies, differ 
essentially from one another. ‘Tropical Africa has hardly any 
species in common with Europe, though we may remember that the 
lion once extended to Greece, and that the jackal is to this day 
found upon some islands in the Adriatic and in Morea. ‘Tropical 
Asia differs equally from its temperate regions, and Australia forms 
a world by itself. Not so in Southern America. ‘The range of moun- 
tains which extend, in almost unbroken continuity, from the Arctic 
to Cape Horn, establishes a similarity between North and South 
America, which may be traced also, to a great degree, in its plants 
and animals. Entire families which are peculiar to this continent 
have their representatives in North as well as South America, the 
cactus and didelphis, for instance ; some. species, as the puma, or 
American. lion, may even be traced from Canada to Patagonia. In 
connection with these facts, we find that tropical America, though it 
has-its peculiar types, as characteristic as those of tropical Africa, 
Asia, and Australia, does not furnish analognes of the giants of 
Africa and Asia ; its largest pachyderms being tapirs and peccaries, 
not elephants, rhinoceroses, and hippopotami ; and its largest rumi- 
nants, the llamas and alpacas, and not camels and giraffes ; whilst it 
reminds us in many respects of Australia, with which it has the type 
of marsupials in common, though ruminants and pachyderms, and 
even monkeys, are entirely wanting there. Thus, with due qualifi- 
cation, it may be said that the whole continent of America, when 
compared with the corresponding twin continents of Europe — 
Africa or Asia—Australia is characterized by a much greater uni- 
formity of its natural productions, combined with a special localiza- 
tion of many of its subordinate types, which will justify the esta- 
blishment of many special faunz within its boundaries. 
_ With these facts before us, we may expect that there should be 
no great diversity among the tribes of man inhabiting this continent; 
and, indeed, the most extensive investigation of their peculiarities has 
led Dr Morton to consider them as constituting but a single race, 
from the confines of the Esquimaux down to the southernmost ex- 
tremity of the continent. But at the same time it should be re- 
membered that, in accordance with the zoological character of the 
whole realm, this race is divided into an infinite number of small 
_ tribes, presenting more or less difference one from another. 
As to the special faunee of the American continent, we may dis- 
tinguish, within the temperate zone, a Canadian fauna, extending 
from Newfoundland across the great lakes to the base of the rocky 
mountains, a fauna of the North American table-land, a fauna of the 
north-west coast, a fauna of the middle Uuited States, a fauna of the. 
