Provinces of the Animal World. 309 
antelopes prevail in Africa, and long-armed monkeys and stags in 
tropical Asia. Moreover, the black orangs are peculiar to Africa, 
and the red orangs to Asia. As to Australia, it has neither mon- 
keys nor pachyderms, nor edentata, but only marsupials and mono- 
tremes. We need therefore not carry these comparisons further to 
be satisfied that Africa, tropical Asia, and Australia, constitute in- 
dependent zoological realms. 
The continent of Africa, south of the Atlas, has a very uniform 
_ zoological character, This realm may, however, be subdivided, ac- 
cording to its local peculiarities, into a number of distinct faune. 
In its more northern parts, we distinguish the fauna of the Sahara 
and those of Nubia and Abyssinia, the latter of which extends over 
the Red Sea into the tropical parts of Arabia. These faune have 
been particularly studied by Riippell and Ehrenberg, in whose works 
more may be found respecting the zoology of these regions. They 
are inhabited by two distinct races of men, the Nubians and Abys- 
sinians, receding greatly in their features from the woolly-haired 
negroes with flat, broad noses, which cover the more central parts of 
the continent. But even here we may distinguish the fauna, of 
Senegal from that of Guinea and that of the African table-land. 
In the first, we notice particularly the chimpanzee; in the. second, 
the gorilla; there is no anthropoid monkey in the third. 
_ The tabular view gives figures of the most prominent animals 
of the genuine West African type. A fuller illustration of this 
subject might show how peculiar tribes of negroes cover the limits 
of the different faunee of tropical Africa, and establish in this re- 
spect a parallelism between the nations of this continent and those 
of Europe. We are chiefly indebted to French naturalists for a 
better knowledge of the natural history of this part of the world. 
In tabular view, we have represented the animals of our Cape- 
lands, in order to show how the African fauna is modified upon the 
southern extremity of this continent, which is inhabited by a dis- 
tinct race of men, the Hottentots. The zoology of South Africa 
may be studied in the works of Lichtenstein and Andrew Smith. 
The East Indian realm is very well known zoologically—thanks 
to the efforts of English and Dutch naturalists—and may be subdi- 
vided into three faunee,—that of Dukhun, that of the Indo-Chinese 
peninsula, and that of the Sunda Islands, Borneo, and the Philip- 
pines. Its characteristic animals, represented in the tabular view, 
may be readily contrasted with those of Africa, There is, how- 
ever, one feature in this realm which requires particular attention, 
and has a high importance with reference to the study of the . 
races of men. We find here upon Borneo (an island not so exten- 
sive as Spain) one of the best known of those anthropoid monkeys, 
the orang-outang; and with him, as well as upon the adjacent 
islands of Java and Sumatra, and along the coasts of the two East 
