124 Notices of various Animal Remain* 



pits contained, as most of them were carelessly dug out by 

 the rough hands of the " navies," and added with the earth 

 to form an adjoining mound. Those I have been able to 

 collect and examine are the following : — In the first place, 

 however, I must notice the discovery of a human skeleton in 

 a pit, about three feet in diameter, and ten feet in depth, 

 a little to the south-west of the large built pits. It was 

 found standing erect, with a spear beside it ; the head of 

 the spear was of iron, 14 inches long, and l£ inch broad 

 at its widest part, and traces of the handle still remained, 

 the rotten wood falling out on the spear being touched. 

 The skull alone was preserved, and through the kindness 

 of my friend Dr Brown, Melrose, is now in my posses- 

 sion (since presented to the Museum of the Scottish Anti- 

 quaries). It is well formed, of moderate size, of the Cauca- 

 sian type, with strongly-marked muscular impressions, and 

 the teeth generally sound, and little worn, being evidently 

 the skull of an adult male in the prime of life. An examina- 

 tion of it was carefully made by Dr D. Wilson and myself, 

 for his interesting paper " On the Crania of the Tumuli,'' 

 (read to Brit. Assoc, here), and the following are the details 

 of its various dimensions, according to the terms used by Dr 

 Morton in the " Crania Americana :" — Longitudinal diameter, 

 7 in. 3 lin. ; parietal diameter, 5 in. 4 lin. ; frontal diameter, 

 4 in. 6 lin. ; vertical diameter, 5 in. 4 lin. ; intermastoid arch, 

 14 in. 1\ lin. ; intermastoid arch, from upper root of zygomatic 

 process, 12 in. ; intermastoid line, 5 in. 3|- lin. ; do. from upper 

 root of zygomatic process, 5 in. 6 lin. ; occipito-frontal arch, 

 14 in. 4 lin. ; do., from occipital protuberance to root of nasal 

 bones, 12 in. 9 lin. ; horizontal periphery, 20 in. 6 iin. ; rela- 

 tive capacity (which is here assumed by adding together the 

 longitudinal and vertical diameters, and the horizontal peri- 

 phery), 33 in. 1 lin. 



If this skeleton, from the place where it was found, be 

 considered that of a Roman citizen, it must, in my opinion, 

 have belonged to the later period of their occupation of this 

 district ; as it was not until then that the practice of burning 

 the dead began to be given up, and the simpler rite of inhu- 

 mation reintroduced. Or, it is not improbable it may belong 



