Habits of the Ant-eater of the Cape. 171 



radiating upwards to the tongue ; the latter part is broader 

 behind where it is attached to the root of the tongue, and 

 terminates, conically forwards, to about the middle of its 

 length ; — Palato-glossus, a large flat band on each side of the 

 former, and, together with the lingualis, forms the lateral and 

 inferior muscular of the tongue, from the root to the tip ; — 

 Stylo-glossus, a small band of fibres, descending from the 

 styloid process, perpendicularly to the root of the tongue, 

 where it comes again forward on the outside, and parallel to 

 the former muscle, and is finally lost at about one-third from 

 the root, in the fibres of the palato-glossus and lingualis. 

 Lying above this mass of muscle, composed of the palato, and 

 stylo-glossus, and lingualis, which — after passing the anterior 

 edge of the genio-hyoglossus, lie side by side, and form also 

 the inferior half of the muscular mass of the tongue where it 

 is free — is the perpendicular muscle already described, part 

 of which, at the base of the tongue, is attached below to the 

 lingual termination of the genio-hyoglossus. In the mesial 

 line between the perpendicular fibres and the longitudinal 

 ones, lie the nerves and vessels of the tongue. There is also 

 a vein, running in the mesial line on the upper surface of the 

 tongue, just underneath the mucous membrane, having trans- 

 verse branches falling into it from the muscular substance 

 and mucous coat. This specimen was also a female, had four 

 teats, and was 5 feefc 4 inches in length from the nose to the 

 tail. 



In support of the views which I have been led to take of 

 the powers of the perpendicular fibres, I may mention that a 

 similar muscle exists in all mammiferous tongues which I have 

 examined, and I believe is the co-efficient of all those peculiar 

 movements connected with the protrusion of the tongue ; and 

 that the other longitudinal muscles are connected with this 

 act chiefly to guide the organ in different directions, as the 

 sole and separate action of these latter muscles would be 

 that of retracting the organ in one or other directions. Pro- 

 trusion is, then, the province of the perpendicular muscles; 

 retraction that of the longitudinal ones ; — different combina- 

 tions of the two produce the several movements out of the 

 axis of the tongue, whether the organ is in a state of protru- 



