in Scotland and Parts of England. 237 



feet above the lake is not, therefore, surprising. Mr Maclaren 

 speaks of a striated vertical face of rock on the west side of 

 the deep narrow valley of Troutbeck, 500 feet above the bot- 

 tom of that valley, indicating a glacier of still greater depth. 

 In the Thirlmere valley, for several miles down from the 

 summit at Dunmail Raise, I could find no glacialised sur- 

 faces ; but at length they became conspicuous at a place op- 

 posite Armboth, near the lower extremity of the lake. Be- 

 tween this place and Keswick, four miles from that town, I 

 found a considerable surface, exposed in consequence of 

 quarrying for road-metal. The whole w r as beautifully polish- 

 ed and striated, the direction of the stria? being a little west 

 of magnetic north, and thus coincident with the major axis 

 of the valley. In all of these cases, there are unequivocal 

 appearances of a stoss seite. or exposed side to the south, or 

 up the valley. 



For some miles below Dunmail Raise, in the Grasmere 

 valley, there are, in like manner, no abraded surfaces ; but 

 they present themselves on the north side of that lake, with 

 striation pointing to N. 25° W., being the direction of the 

 valley at that place ; likewise in a low field south of Rydal, 

 and in Dr Davy's garden, near Ambleside, where the direc- 

 tion, however, of the stria) is more easterly, and towards 

 Rydal glen. On the high ground over which the bye-road 

 passes between Grasmere and Skelwith Bridge, there are 

 mammillated rocks, with strise from N. 25° W., or nearly 

 magnetic north, a direction from which it would be diffi- 

 cult for any such agent to come to such a place. At Birth- 

 waite Railway Station, near the shore of Windermere, 

 there is a large recently exposed surface, glacially polished, 

 and bearing strise of the same direction, being that of the 

 valley of Windermere. 



In the valley of the Kent, near Stavely, there are several 

 examples of abraded surfaces, one of which' has been accu- 

 rately described by Mr Bryce. It is situated at a place called 

 Jacob's Wood, and having only lately been exposed, it is in 

 the finest possible condition. The slate (Lower Ludlow rocks) 

 is here remarkably hard, insomuch that an attempt at quar- 

 rying it has had to be abandoned. A surface, fifty-three 



VOL. LIV. NO. CVIII. — APRIL 1853. 11 



