2i6 11. Chambers, Esq., on Glacial Phenomena 



face op clilf to the westward and a gentle slope to the east- 

 ward, the face being' usually composed of some rock capable 

 of presenting a powerful resistance to any denuding agent. 

 Colonel Imrie found in the Campsie Hills and the Grampians 

 a marked tendency to the same form, with the same arrange- 

 ment. More than this, but quite in conformity with it, is a 

 tendency in the surface of Lothian to a r I clge-and- trough 

 form, exemplified most strikingly in such groups of third-rate 

 hills as those of Dalmahoy and Garleton, where the lines of 

 both the heights and hollows are throughout very nearly the 

 same. We see the same form on a subdued scale in the 

 ground between Corstorphine Hill and Leith, which consists 

 of a series of broad longitudinal swells, with slight hollows 

 between. All of these ridges and hollows are in the same 

 direction as the hills of crag-and-tail, and the whole conform 

 to the direction of the strise upon the rocks. 



From such objects, it is but a step to extend our observa- 

 tions to the sides of those larger hills which bound valleys, 

 as the Fife Lomonds and the Pentlands, where we very often 

 find a remarkable form of surface, which may be described 

 as Mouldings, extending longitudinally, but not always 

 quite horizontally, along the slope, and clear in their cross 

 sections of every kind of abruptness or inequality rising above 

 the sectional outlines. Such mouldings are easily seen on the 

 Pentlands from about Colinton ; on the northern aspects of 

 Arthur's Seat ; under Dunearn summit in Fife ; on Demyat 

 from the valley below ; on several parts of the Campsie Fells, 

 particularly above Banton ; on the hills to the south of Loch 

 Vennachar and Loch Achray, in Perthshire ; and on many 

 other of the Scottish hills, but generally most clearly when 

 the sun shines at a low angle along the slope. They are clearly 

 attributable to the operation of the same agent, of which some 

 other serrations or irregularities have fashioned the longi- 

 tudinal ridges in the valley below ; that is to say, more cor- 

 rectly, some stronger consistency of rock has in both cases 

 presented a more than usual resistance to the planing agent. 

 Now these markings are seen at great elevations among the 

 hills, and but a small way from their summits ; and the flow- 

 ing sky-lines of the greater portion of our secondary hills are 



